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Fig. 4. Sox2 blocks neuronal differentiation downstream of the proneural genes. (A,B) Overexpression of Sox2 in retinal progenitors by mRNA injection at the 8-cell stage does not decrease the expression of the proneural gene Xath5 on the injected side (B), as compared with the control side (A), in stage 34 embryos. (C-L) Retinal expression of the proneural targets Brn3d (C,D), Ebf3 (E,F), ElrC (G,H) and Sbt1 (I, J) is lost, as compared with the control (uninjected) side of the embryos. Sox2-injected embryos also lose retinal expression of Hermes (K,L), a marker of differentiated ganglion cells. Brackets indicate the retina. Image published in: Agathocleous M et al. (2009) Copyright © 2009. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue atoh7.S ath5, atoh7-a, atoh7-b, math5, Xath5, Xath5b X. laevis Throughout NF stage 33 and 34 retina forebrain pou4f4.S Brn3d, pou4f1.2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 33 and 34 retina midbrain-hindbrain boundary otic vesicle trigeminal ganglion trigeminal nerve eye midbrain ebf3.L coe3, oe2, Xebf3 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 33 and 34 retina olfactory placode epibranchial placode otic vesicle midbrain-hindbrain boundary hindbrain thyroid primordium cranial nerve facial nerve glossopharyngeal nerve vagus nerve lateral line placode brain forebrain midbrain eye pharyngeal arch mandibular arch hyoid arch branchial arch elavl3.L elrC, HuC, LOC108703481 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 33 and 34 retina dorsal trigeminal ganglion olfactory placode forebrain midbrain hindbrain brain midbrain-hindbrain boundary epibranchial placode cranial nerve trigeminal nerve facial nerve glossopharyngeal nerve vagus nerve eye rbpms2.L hermes, rbpms X. laevis Throughout NF stage 33 and 34 pronephric kidney pronephric duct heart primordium retina retinal ganglion cell layer pronephric nephron pronephric tubule heart eye vxn.L c8orf46, LOC121395160, sbt1, vexin X. laevis Throughout NF stage 33 and 34 retina hindbrain eye midbrain-hindbrain boundary Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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