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Fig. 4. Localization of rac mRNA by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Xrac mRNA is detected in cells of the marginal zone during early and late gastrulation (A,B, stage 10.5, vegetal view; C, stage 12, lateral view). ‘d’ indicates the position of the dorsal blastopore lip, and ‘y’ indicates the yolk plug of the blastopore. The embryo in (A) is uncleared. Xbra expression in an early gastrula-stage embryo indicates the location of presumptive mesodermal cells for comparison (D). Sagittal paraffin sections of hybridized gastrula-stage embryos (F,G). At stage 10.5, rac mRNA is abundant in the presumptive ectoderm and is also detected at elevated levels in cells of the dorsal involuting marginal zone (F). ‘d’ marks the dorsal blastopore groove. In (G), a sagittal section of the stage 12 embryo shown in whole-mount in (C) reveals rac transcripts specifically in cells of the dorsal (dim) and ventral (vim) involuting mesoderm, the prechordal plate (p), and the sensorial layer of the neuroectoderm (n). The archenteron (a) and blastocoel (b) are indicated. In late neurula-stage embryos, Xrac is expressed in the anterior neural plate (anp) and the notochord (nc) (H,I). At stage 25, Xrac is expressed in the cement gland (cg), the eye (e), the brain (the rhombencephalon (rh) is indicated), the notochord (nc), and somites (so), and is also expressed in the cranial neural crest (cnc), including cells of the hyoid (hy), and anterior (ab) and posterior (pb) branchial streams (J,K). At tailbud stage 33/34, Xrac expression persists in the eye and central nervous system, and is evident in the branchial arches (ba), the otic vesicle (ov), and in the trigeminal (t), facial (f), glossopharyngeal (g), and vagus (v) cranial nerves (M,N). Gastrula-, hatching-, and tailbud-stage embryos were incubated with Xrac sense probe to control for nonspecific hybridization (E,L,O). Scale bar equals 0.5 mm in (A–E,H–J,L,M,O), and 0.2 mm in (F,G,K,N). Image published in: Lucas JM et al. (2002) Copyright © 2002. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue rac1.L mig5, p21-rac1, rac, tc-25, Xrac X. laevis Throughout NF stage 10.5 involuting marginal zone dorsal marginal zone blastopore lip presumptive ectoderm rac1.L mig5, p21-rac1, rac, tc-25, Xrac X. laevis Throughout NF stage 12 involuting marginal zone prechordal plate neuroectoderm sensorial layer of neurectoderm involuted dorsal mesoderm involuted ventral mesoderm rac1.L mig5, p21-rac1, rac, tc-25, Xrac X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 19 to NF stage 21 cement gland primordium notochord pre-chordal neural plate rac1.L mig5, p21-rac1, rac, tc-25, Xrac X. laevis Throughout NF stage 25 otic vesicle brain cement gland notochord eye hindbrain somite tail bud cranial neural crest mandibular crest hyoid crest anterior branchial crest posterior branchial crest rac1.L mig5, p21-rac1, rac, tc-25, Xrac X. laevis Throughout NF stage 33 and 34 eye central nervous system branchial arch otic vesicle glossopharyngeal nerve trigeminal nerve facial nerve vagus nerve brain notochord somite pharyngeal arch mandibular arch hyoid arch tail tip Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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