Exp Eye Res 1989 Dec 01;496:1045-51.

Temperature-dependent birefringence patterns in Xenopus rod outer segments.

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Results reported here show that the birefringence of disk membranes in Xenopus rod photoreceptors depends upon the temperature at which the disks were assembled. Portions of the outer segments produced by the assembly of new disks while frogs are exposed to constant darkness and an ambient temperature of 25 degrees C have a higher birefringence than portions assembled at 18 degrees C. The intensity of birefringence reflects molecular-level structure and macromolecular-level organization of the disk membranes. It has been shown previously that increasing the ambient temperature enhances the rate of assembly of disk membranes in Xenopus rod outer segments. It also has been shown that disk membranes are assembled most frequently in the hours following light onset, and that disks assembled in the light have a lower birefringence than disks assembled in the dark. Therefore, although light and increased temperature both enhance the rate of disk membrane assembly, they have opposite effects upon the birefringence of Xenopus rod outer segments.

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