Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Mol Cell Biol
2002 Jun 01;2212:4043-52. doi: 10.1128/MCB.22.12.4043-4052.2002.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Chromatin disruption and histone acetylation in regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat by thyroid hormone receptor.
Hsia SC
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) controls the expression of HIV-1 viral genes and thus viral propagation and pathology. Numerous host factors participate in the regulation of the LTR promoter, including thyroid hormone (T(3)) receptor (TR). In vitro, TR can bind to the promoter region containing the NF-kappa B and Sp1 binding sites. Using the frog oocyte as a model system for chromatin assembly mimicking that in somatic cells, we demonstrated that TR alone and TR/RXR (9-cis retinoic acid receptor) can bind to the LTR in vivo independently of T(3). Consistent with their ability to bind the LTR, both TR and TR/RXR can regulate LTR activity in vivo. In addition, our analysis of the plasmid minichromosome shows that T(3)-bound TR disrupts the normal nucleosomal array structure. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with anti-acetylated-histone antibodies revealed that unliganded TR and TR/RXR reduce the local histone acetylation levels at the HIV-1 LTR while T(3) treatment reverses this reduction. We further demonstrated that unliganded TR recruits corepressors and at least one histone deacetylase. These results suggest that chromatin remodeling, including histone acetylation and chromatin disruption, is important for T(3) regulation of the HIV-1 LTR in vivo.
Almouzni,
Chromatin assembly on replicating DNA in vitro.
1990, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Almouzni,
Chromatin assembly on replicating DNA in vitro.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Burke,
Co-repressors 2000.
2000,
Pubmed
Chen,
Coactivation and corepression in transcriptional regulation by steroid/nuclear hormone receptors.
1998,
Pubmed
Chen,
Nuclear receptor coactivator ACTR is a novel histone acetyltransferase and forms a multimeric activation complex with P/CAF and CBP/p300.
1997,
Pubmed
Clark,
Superhelical stress and nucleosome-mediated repression of 5S RNA gene transcription in vitro.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Côté,
Stimulation of GAL4 derivative binding to nucleosomal DNA by the yeast SWI/SNF complex.
1994,
Pubmed
Davey,
Cloning of a thyroid hormone-responsive Rana catesbeiana c-erbA-beta gene.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Desai-Yajnik,
The NF-kappa B and Sp1 motifs of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat function as novel thyroid hormone response elements.
1993,
Pubmed
Dilworth,
ATP-driven chromatin remodeling activity and histone acetyltransferases act sequentially during transactivation by RAR/RXR In vitro.
2000,
Pubmed
DiRenzo,
BRG-1 is recruited to estrogen-responsive promoters and cooperates with factors involved in histone acetylation.
2000,
Pubmed
El Kharroubi,
Transcriptional activation of the integrated chromatin-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter.
1998,
Pubmed
Evans,
The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily.
1988,
Pubmed
Fondell,
Unliganded thyroid hormone receptor inhibits formation of a functional preinitiation complex: implications for active repression.
1993,
Pubmed
Fryer,
Chromatin remodelling by the glucocorticoid receptor requires the BRG1 complex.
1998,
Pubmed
Guenther,
A core SMRT corepressor complex containing HDAC3 and TBL1, a WD40-repeat protein linked to deafness.
2000,
Pubmed
Heinzel,
A complex containing N-CoR, mSin3 and histone deacetylase mediates transcriptional repression.
1997,
Pubmed
Hsia,
Involvement of chromatin and histone acetylation in the regulation of HIV-LTR by thyroid hormone receptor.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hu,
Transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors.
2000,
Pubmed
Imbalzano,
Facilitated binding of TATA-binding protein to nucleosomal DNA.
1994,
Pubmed
Ito,
The TRAP/SMCC/Mediator complex and thyroid hormone receptor function.
2001,
Pubmed
Ito,
Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators.
1999,
Pubmed
Jones,
Multiple N-CoR complexes contain distinct histone deacetylases.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kornberg,
Interplay between chromatin structure and transcription.
1995,
Pubmed
Kwon,
Nucleosome disruption and enhancement of activator binding by a human SW1/SNF complex.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lewin,
Chromatin and gene expression: constant questions, but changing answers.
1994,
Pubmed
Li,
Both corepressor proteins SMRT and N-CoR exist in large protein complexes containing HDAC3.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
LoPresti,
Unique alterations of thyroid hormone indices in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
1989,
Pubmed
Mangelsdorf,
The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade.
1995,
Pubmed
McKenna,
Nuclear receptor coregulators: cellular and molecular biology.
1999,
Pubmed
Muchardt,
A human homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF2/SWI2 and Drosophila brm genes potentiates transcriptional activation by the glucocorticoid receptor.
1993,
Pubmed
Nagy,
Nuclear receptor repression mediated by a complex containing SMRT, mSin3A, and histone deacetylase.
1997,
Pubmed
Ostlund Farrants,
Glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid response element binding stimulates nucleosome disruption by the SWI/SNF complex.
1997,
Pubmed
Owen-Hughes,
Persistent site-specific remodeling of a nucleosome array by transient action of the SWI/SNF complex.
1996,
Pubmed
Pereira,
A compilation of cellular transcription factor interactions with the HIV-1 LTR promoter.
2000,
Pubmed
Perlman,
Thyroid hormone nuclear receptor. Evidence for multimeric organization in chromatin.
1982,
Pubmed
Puzianowska-Kuznicka,
Both thyroid hormone and 9-cis retinoic acid receptors are required to efficiently mediate the effects of thyroid hormone on embryonic development and specific gene regulation in Xenopus laevis.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Puzianowska-Kuznicka,
Functional characterization of a mutant thyroid hormone receptor in Xenopus laevis.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rachez,
Ligand-dependent transcription activation by nuclear receptors requires the DRIP complex.
1999,
Pubmed
Rachez,
Mechanisms of gene regulation by vitamin D(3) receptor: a network of coactivator interactions.
2000,
Pubmed
Rahman,
A unique thyroid hormone response element in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat that overlaps the Sp1 binding sites.
1995,
Pubmed
Ranjan,
Transcriptional repression of Xenopus TR beta gene is mediated by a thyroid hormone response element located near the start site.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ryu,
The transcriptional cofactor complex CRSP is required for activity of the enhancer-binding protein Sp1.
1999,
Pubmed
Sap,
The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone.
,
Pubmed
Sheridan,
Histone acetyltransferases regulate HIV-1 enhancer activity in vitro.
1997,
Pubmed
Steger,
Remodeling chromatin structures for transcription: what happens to the histones?
1996,
Pubmed
Steger,
Stable co-occupancy of transcription factors and histones at the HIV-1 enhancer.
1997,
Pubmed
Steger,
Purified histone acetyltransferase complexes stimulate HIV-1 transcription from preassembled nucleosomal arrays.
1998,
Pubmed
Svaren,
Regulation of gene expression by nucleosomes.
1996,
Pubmed
Svaren,
Histones, nucleosomes and transcription.
1993,
Pubmed
Tang,
Thyroid hormone levels in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex.
1989,
Pubmed
Tsai,
Molecular mechanisms of action of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily members.
1994,
Pubmed
Tsukiyama,
ISWI, a member of the SWI2/SNF2 ATPase family, encodes the 140 kDa subunit of the nucleosome remodeling factor.
1995,
Pubmed
Tsukiyama,
Purification and properties of an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling factor.
1995,
Pubmed
Urnov,
Targeting of N-CoR and histone deacetylase 3 by the oncoprotein v-erbA yields a chromatin infrastructure-dependent transcriptional repression pathway.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Vaishnav,
The biochemistry of AIDS.
1991,
Pubmed
Varga-Weisz,
Energy-dependent chromatin accessibility and nucleosome mobility in a cell-free system.
1995,
Pubmed
Vermaak,
Functional analysis of the SIN3-histone deacetylase RPD3-RbAp48-histone H4 connection in the Xenopus oocyte.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Weinberger,
The c-erb-A gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor.
,
Pubmed
Wolffe,
Chromatin remodeling regulated by steroid and nuclear receptors.
1997,
Pubmed
Wong,
Distinct requirements for chromatin assembly in transcriptional repression by thyroid hormone receptor and histone deacetylase.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wong,
A role for nucleosome assembly in both silencing and activation of the Xenopus TR beta A gene by the thyroid hormone receptor.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wong,
Determinants of chromatin disruption and transcriptional regulation instigated by the thyroid hormone receptor: hormone-regulated chromatin disruption is not sufficient for transcriptional activation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wong,
Coordinated regulation of and transcriptional activation by Xenopus thyroid hormone and retinoid X receptors.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Workman,
Alteration of nucleosome structure as a mechanism of transcriptional regulation.
1998,
Pubmed
Xu,
Coactivator and corepressor complexes in nuclear receptor function.
1999,
Pubmed
Xu,
Hormone Receptor Regulation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Type 2 Long Terminal Repeats.
1996,
Pubmed
Yen,
New advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action.
1994,
Pubmed
Yen,
Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action.
2001,
Pubmed
Yoshida,
Trichostatin A and trapoxin: novel chemical probes for the role of histone acetylation in chromatin structure and function.
1995,
Pubmed
Yoshinaga,
Roles of SWI1, SWI2, and SWI3 proteins for transcriptional enhancement by steroid receptors.
1992,
Pubmed
Zhang,
The mechanism of action of thyroid hormones.
2000,
Pubmed
