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PLoS One
2011 Jan 01;611:e27167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027167.
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Transport activity of the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 is enhanced by different isoforms of carbonic anhydrase.
Schueler C
,
Becker HM
,
McKenna R
,
Deitmer JW
.
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Transport metabolons have been discussed between carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and several membrane transporters. We have now studied different CA isoforms, expressed in Xenopus oocytes alone and together with the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1), to determine their catalytic activity and their ability to enhance NBCe1 transport activity. pH measurements in intact oocytes indicated similar activity of CAI, CAII and CAIII, while in vitro CAIII had no measurable activity and CAI only 30% of the activity of CAII. All three CA isoforms increased transport activity of NBCe1, as measured by the transport current and the rate of intracellular sodium rise in oocytes. Two CAII mutants, altered in their intramolecular proton pathway, CAII-H64A and CAII-Y7F, showed significant catalytic activity and also enhanced NBCe1 transport activity. The effect of CAI, CAII, and CAII mutants on NBCe1 activity could be reversed by blocking CA activity with ethoxyzolamide (EZA, 10 µM), while the effect of the less EZA-sensitive CAIII was not reversed. Our results indicate that different CA isoforms and mutants, even if they show little enzymatic activity in vitro, may display significant catalytic activity in intact cells, and that the ability of CA to enhance NBCe1 transport appears to depend primarily on its catalytic activity.
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Figure 1. Fluorescent staining of CA isoforms and mutants.Optical slices of oocytes, labeled via primary antibodies and Alexa Fluor 488-linked secondary antibodies against CAI (A), CAII (B), CAIII (C), CAII-Y7F (D), -H64A (E) and -V143Y-expressing oocytes (F). As control, a staining of native, uninjected oocytes or oocytes injected with H2O with primary antibodies against CAI (G), CAII (H) and CAIII (I) as well as corresponding secondary antibodies, respectively, was performed.
Figure 2. Activity of CAI, II and III.Original recordings of changes of intracellular proton concentration (ÎH+; A) and statistical analysis of the rates of rise of proton concentration (ÎH+/t; B) after application of 5% CO2/24 mM HCO3â-buffered solution before or during application of EZA (10 µM). The asterisks above the bars correspond to the control cells without CA (âCA) before (âEZA) or during application of EZA (+EZA). (C) Original recordings of the log enrichment of 20 oocytes expressing CAI, CAII and CAIII, respectively, either alone or together with the NBCe1, or 20 CAII-V143Y, native or just NBCe1-expressing oocytes as measured by mass spectrometry (MS). The arrows indicate the application of 20 intact oocytes, which were rapidly lysed inside the cuvette by stirring. (D) Statistical analysis of CA activity (U/ml) after subtraction of either native (4 U/ml; 20 oocytes, nâ=â3) or NBC-expressing oocytes (5 U/ml; 20 oocytes, nâ=â3), as obtained by mass spectrometry. Oocytes expressing the catalytically inactive mutant CAII-V143Y were used as control. Calibration curve of different CAI- and CAII-protein concentrations (E) to determine the amount of CA-protein expressed in oocytes (F). The asterisks above the bars for NBCe1-coexpressing oocytes (+NBCe1, 13.8 ng NBCe1-RNA) correspond to those without NBCe1-coexpression (âNBCe1). A significance level of pâ¤0.05 is marked with *, pâ¤0.01 with ** and pâ¤0.001 with ***.
Figure 3. Effect of CAI or CAIII on NBCe1 transport activity.Original recordings (A) and statistics of the changes in membrane current (ÎIm; C) of NBCe1- and NBCe1+CAI- or NBCe1+CAIII-expressing oocytes during application of 5% CO2/24 mM HCO3â-buffered solution in the absence and presence of EZA (10 µM). Original recordings of ÎIm of CA-expressing control cells without coexpression of NBCe1 (B). By the use of Na+-selective microelectrodes the rates of rise of intracellular sodium concentration (ÎNa+/t; D, F) were obtained. Original recordings of ÎNa+/t of control cells without coexpression of NBCe1 (E). The asterisks above the bars correspond to the control cells without CA expression (âCA) before (âEZA) or during application of EZA (+EZA).
Figure 4. Effect of CAI-protein injection (0â200 ng) on the catalytic activity and NBCe1 transport activity.Original recordings of the changes of intracellular proton concentration of CAI-injected oocytes (A) and of membrane current of CAI-injected, NBCe1-expressing oocytes (D) after application of 5% CO2/24 mM HCO3â-buffered solution in the absence and presence of EZA (10 µM). Rates of rise of proton concentration (B) and changes of membrane current (E) before (filled squares) or during (open squares) EZA application in CO2/HCO3â-buffered solution. EZA-sensitive rates of rise of proton concentration (C) and changes of membrane current were plotted (F). The asterisks correspond to the control cells without CA-injection (0 ng CAI).
Figure 5. Activity and effect of CAII mutants on NBCe1 transport activity.Changes of the intracellular proton concentration as recorded in native, CAII-, CAII-H64A- and CAII-Y7F-expressing oocytes (A) to determine rates of rise of the proton concentration (B). Original recordings of the changes in membrane current (C) and intracellular sodium concentration (E) in NBCe1 and CAII-, CAII-H64A- or CAII-Y7F- coexpressing oocytes after application of 5% CO2/24 mM HCO3â-buffered solution before or during application of EZA (10 µM). Statistical analysis of membrane current (D) and rates of rise of intracellular sodium concentration (F) revealed an increase in NBCe1 transport activity after coexpression of either CAII or one of the two mutants. The asterisks above the bars correspond to the control cells without CA (âCA) before (âEZA) or during EZA (+EZA) application.
Figure 6. Effect of injected CAII-protein on NBCe1 transport activity at different bicarbonate concentrations and constant CO2.Original recordings of membrane current (A) in NBCe1-expressing oocytes with or without injection of 50 ng CAII-protein after changing from a HEPES-buffered, bicarbonate-free saline (pH 7.0) to a 5% CO2/10 mM HCO3â-buffered saline (pH 7.0) as well as after increasing the HCO3â concentration from 10 mM (pH 7.0) to 77 mM HCO3â (pH 7.9) in a 5% CO2-equilibrated saline, before or during application of EZA (10 µM). Statistical analysis of membrane current (B) revealed an increase in NBCe1 transport activity after injection of CAII-protein in both salines. Original recordings of the change of intracellular proton concentration (C) and statistical analysis of rate of rise of proton concentration (D) of native oocytes and oocytes injected with CAII-protein. The asterisks above the bars correspond to the control cells without CA (âCA) before (âEZA) or during EZA (+EZA) application.
Figure 7. Quantification of CAII mutants.Western blot of the different CAII mutants (CAII-Y7F, CAII-H64A and CAII-V143Y) as well as wild-type CAII (A; 12 µg total protein/lane), β-tubulin was used as loading control, and quantification of the expression of the CAII mutants in oocytes, as compared to wild-type by determination of the density of intensity (B; Density INT/mm2). Western blot of CAII-expressing and NBCe1+CAII-coexpressing oocytes, with β-tubulin used as loading control (C; 15 µg total protein/lane) and quantification of effect of NBCe1 coexpression on CAII expression rate (D).
Figure 8. Potential binding motif (bold amino acids) of hCAII (Swiss-Prot.: P00918) against NBCe1 is incompletely conserved in N-terminus of intracellular hCAI (Swiss-Prot.: P00915) or hCAIII (Swiss-Prot.: P07451).
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