Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
J Neurosci
2001 Dec 01;2123:9224-34. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09224.2001.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Expression of the P2Y1 nucleotide receptor in chick muscle: its functional role in the regulation of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine receptor.
Choi RC
,
Man ML
,
Ling KK
,
Ip NY
,
Simon J
,
Barnard EA
,
Tsim KW
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In vertebrate neuromuscular junctions, ATP is stored at the motor nerve terminals and is co-released with acetylcholine during neural stimulation. Here, we provide several lines of evidence that the synaptic ATP can act as a synapse-organizing factor to induce the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in muscles, mediated by a metabotropic ATP receptor subtype, the P2Y(1) receptor. The activation of the P2Y(1) receptor by adenine nucleotides stimulated the accumulation of inositol phosphates and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in cultured chick myotubes. P2Y(1) receptor mRNA in chicken muscle is very abundant before hatching and again increases in the adult. The P2Y(1) receptor protein is shown to be restricted to the neuromuscular junctions and colocalized with AChRs in adult muscle (chicken, Xenopus, and rat) but not in the chick embryo. In chicks after hatching, this P2Y(1) localization develops over approximately 3 weeks. Denervation or crush of the motor nerve (in chicken or rat) caused up to 90% decrease in the muscle P2Y(1) transcript, which was restored on regeneration, whereas the AChR mRNA greatly increased. Last, mRNAs encoding the AChE catalytic subunit and the AChR alpha-subunit were induced when the P2Y(1) receptors were activated by specific agonists or by overexpression of P2Y(1) receptors in cultured myotubes; those agonists likewise induced the activity in the myotubes of promoter-reporter gene constructs for those subunits, actions that were blocked by a P2Y(1)-specific antagonist. These results provide evidence for a novel function of ATP in regulating the gene expression of those two postsynaptic effectors.
Fig. 7.
The localizations of P2Y1 receptor in muscles and motor neurons. A, Chick, rat, orXenopus muscle section (20 μm) was used. For each, the same field is shown stained by the anti-P2Y1-receptor antibody (green) or for AChR (red) by TMR-BuTX (10 nM) or superimposed (yellow). Controls are noted in Results. Scale bar, 20 μm. B, Spinal cord from adult chicken. Peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody was used here to reveal (brown) the P2Y1 receptor sites in the ventral horn. In the control, the antibody was pretreated with an excess of the recombinant P2Y1 receptor antigen. A high-power magnification is shown for two adjacent positive cells seen in the stained low-power field. Scale bars, 500 μm (low power); 100 μm (high power).
Akasu,
Increase of acetylcholine-receptor sensitivity by adenosine triphosphate: a novel action of ATP on ACh-sensitivity.
1981, Pubmed
Akasu,
Increase of acetylcholine-receptor sensitivity by adenosine triphosphate: a novel action of ATP on ACh-sensitivity.
1981,
Pubmed
Ayyanathan,
Cloning and chromosomal localization of the human P2Y1 purinoceptor.
1996,
Pubmed
Barnard,
An elusive receptor is finally caught: P2Y(12'), an important drug target in platelets.
2001,
Pubmed
Ben Aziz-Aloya,
Expression of a human acetylcholinesterase promoter-reporter construct in developing neuromuscular junctions of Xenopus embryos.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bo,
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel ATP P2X receptor subtype from embryonic chick skeletal muscle.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Boyer,
Identification of competitive antagonists of the P2Y1 receptor.
1996,
Pubmed
Bradford,
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.
1976,
Pubmed
Chang,
Experimental strategies in efficient transfection of mammalian cells. Electroporation.
1997,
Pubmed
Chatel,
Two-site immunoradiometric assay of chicken acetylcholinesterase: active and inactive molecular forms in brain and muscle.
1994,
Pubmed
Choi,
Calcitonin gene-related peptide increases the expression of acetylcholinesterase in cultured chick myotubes.
1996,
Pubmed
Choi,
The calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced acetylcholinesterase synthesis in cultured chick myotubes is mediated by cyclic AMP.
1998,
Pubmed
Dixon,
Evidence that rat hepatocytes co-express functional P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors.
2000,
Pubmed
Duclert,
Acetylcholine receptor gene expression at the developing neuromuscular junction.
1995,
Pubmed
Eichler,
The activity of an endoplasmic reticulum-localized pool of acetylcholinesterase is modulated by heat shock.
1995,
Pubmed
Ewald,
Potentiation of postjunctional cholinergic sensitivity of rat diaphragm muscle by high-energy-phosphate adenine nucleotides.
1976,
Pubmed
Filippov,
The P2Y(1) receptor closes the N-type Ca(2+) channel in neurones, with both adenosine triphosphates and diphosphates as potent agonists.
2000,
Pubmed
Fischbach,
Synapse formation between dissociated nerve and muscle cells in low density cell cultures.
1972,
Pubmed
Fontaine,
Calcitonin gene-related peptide and muscle activity regulate acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit mRNA levels by distinct intracellular pathways.
1987,
Pubmed
Fu,
Regulation of quantal transmitter secretion by ATP and protein kinases at developing neuromuscular synapses.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Häggblad,
P2-purinoceptor-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in chick myotubes. Calcium mobilization and the role of guanyl nucleotide-binding proteins.
1988,
Pubmed
Henning,
Purinoceptors in neuromuscular transmission.
1997,
Pubmed
Hilgenberg,
Neural influence on protein kinase C isoform expression in skeletal muscle.
1996,
Pubmed
Horovitz,
Regulation of acetylcholine receptor synthesis at the level of translation in rat primary muscle cells.
1989,
Pubmed
Ip,
Differential expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor in skeletal muscle of chick and rat after nerve injury.
1996,
Pubmed
Israël,
Acetylcholine release and the cholinergic genomic locus.
1998,
Pubmed
Jasmin,
Compartmentalization of acetylcholinesterase mRNA and enzyme at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.
1993,
Pubmed
Kao,
Practical aspects of measuring [Ca2+] with fluorescent indicators.
1994,
Pubmed
King,
Recombinant P2Y receptors: the UCL experience.
2000,
Pubmed
Kolb,
Transmitter-like action of ATP on patched membranes of cultured myoblasts and myotubes.
,
Pubmed
Krejci,
Differences in expression of acetylcholinesterase and collagen Q control the distribution and oligomerization of the collagen-tailed forms in fast and slow muscles.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lai,
Neural control of the forms of acetylcholinesterase in slow mammalian muscles.
,
Pubmed
Lu,
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate increases acetylcholine channel opening frequency in rat skeletal muscle.
1991,
Pubmed
Lustig,
Expression cloning of an ATP receptor from mouse neuroblastoma cells.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Meyer,
Expression of two ATP-gated ion channels, P2X5 and P2X6, in developing chick skeletal muscle.
1999,
Pubmed
Meyer,
Selective expression of purinoceptor cP2Y1 suggests a role for nucleotide signalling in development of the chick embryo.
1999,
Pubmed
Michel,
Neural regulation of acetylcholinesterase mRNAs at mammalian neuromuscular synapses.
1994,
Pubmed
Moscoso,
Synapse-associated expression of an acetylcholine receptor-inducing protein, ARIA/heregulin, and its putative receptors, ErbB2 and ErbB3, in developing mammalian muscle.
1995,
Pubmed
Moss,
Evidence that CGRP and cAMP increase transcription of AChR alpha-subunit gene, but not of other subunit genes.
1991,
Pubmed
New,
Calcitonin gene-related peptide regulates muscle acetylcholine receptor synthesis.
,
Pubmed
North,
Nucleotide receptors.
1997,
Pubmed
O'Malley,
Stabilization of acetylcholine receptors by exogenous ATP and its reversal by cAMP and calcium.
1997,
Pubmed
Parr,
Cloning and expression of a human P2U nucleotide receptor, a target for cystic fibrosis pharmacotherapy.
1994,
Pubmed
Pitchford,
Nerve growth factor stimulates rapid metabolic responses in PC12 cells.
1995,
Pubmed
Pun,
Antisense agrin cDNA transfection blocks neuroblastoma cell-induced acetylcholine receptor aggregation when co-cultured with myotubes.
1997,
Pubmed
Ralevic,
Receptors for purines and pyrimidines.
1998,
Pubmed
Redman,
ATP released together with acetylcholine as the mediator of neuromuscular depression at frog motor nerve endings.
1994,
Pubmed
Rotundo,
Biogenesis of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in muscle. Evidence for a rapidly turning over, catalytically inactive precursor pool.
1988,
Pubmed
Ryten,
Sequential expression of three receptor subtypes for extracellular ATP in developing rat skeletal muscle.
2001,
Pubmed
Sandrock,
Maintenance of acetylcholine receptor number by neuregulins at the neuromuscular junction in vivo.
1997,
Pubmed
Sanes,
Development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.
1999,
Pubmed
Sanes,
Selective expression of an acetylcholine receptor-lacZ transgene in synaptic nuclei of adult muscle fibers.
1991,
Pubmed
Schaeffer,
Implication of a multisubunit Ets-related transcription factor in synaptic expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
1998,
Pubmed
Sellers,
Adenosine nucleotides acting at the human P2Y1 receptor stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinases and induce apoptosis.
2001,
Pubmed
Silinsky,
Synchronous release of ATP and neurotransmitter within milliseconds of a motor nerve impulse in the frog.
1996,
Pubmed
Silman,
Parallel regulation of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase in normal, denervated and dystrophic chicken skeletal muscle.
1979,
Pubmed
Simon,
Characterisation of a recombinant P2Y purinoceptor.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Simon,
Activity of adenosine diphosphates and triphosphates on a P2Y(T) -type receptor in brain capillary endothelial cells.
2001,
Pubmed
Thomas,
A receptor that is highly specific for extracellular ATP in developing chick skeletal muscle in vitro.
1991,
Pubmed
Tokuyama,
Cloning of rat and mouse P2Y purinoceptors.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tsim,
Transcripts for the acetylcholine receptor and acetylcholine esterase show distribution differences in cultured chick muscle cells.
1992,
Pubmed
Tsim,
A globular, not asymmetric, form of acetylcholinesterase is expressed in chick motor neurons: down-regulation toward maturity and after denervation.
1997,
Pubmed
Tsim,
An asymmetric form of muscle acetylcholinesterase contains three subunit types and two enzymic activities in one molecule.
1988,
Pubmed
Tsu,
Regulation of multiple effectors by the cloned delta-opioid receptor: stimulation of phospholipase C and type II adenylyl cyclase.
1995,
Pubmed
Webb,
A novel G protein-coupled P2 purinoceptor (P2Y3) activated preferentially by nucleoside diphosphates.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Webb,
Cloning and functional expression of a brain G-protein-coupled ATP receptor.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Webb,
Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat P2Y4 receptor.
1998,
Pubmed
Weinberg,
Junctional form of acetylcholinesterase restored at nerve-free endplates.
1979,
Pubmed
Wells,
Changes in responsiveness to extracellular ATP in chick skeletal muscle during development and upon denervation.
1995,
Pubmed
Wu,
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate modulates kinetics of intracellular Ca(2+) signals mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca(2+) stores in single pancreatic acinar cells of mouse.
2000,
Pubmed
Zimmermann,
Two novel families of ectonucleotidases: molecular structures, catalytic properties and a search for function.
1999,
Pubmed
