Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation controls the translation of several maternal mRNAs during Xenopus oocyte maturation and requires two sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR), the U-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE), and the hexanucleotide AAUAAA. c-mos mRNA is polyadenylated and translated soon after the induction of maturation, and this protein kinase is necessary for a kinase cascade culminating in cdc2 kinase (MPF) activation. Other mRNAs are polyadenylated later, around the time of cdc2 kinase activation. To determine whether there is a hierarchy in the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of maternal mRNAs, we ablated c-mos mRNA with an antisense oligonucleotide. This prevented histone B4 and cyclin A1 and B1 mRNA polyadenylation, indicating that the polyadenylation of these mRNAs is Mos dependent. To investigate a possible role of cdc2 kinase in this process, cyclin B was injected into oocytes lacking c-mos mRNA. cdc2 kinase was activated, but mitogen-activated protein kinase was not. However, polyadenylation of cyclin B1 and histone B4 mRNA was still observed. This demonstrates that cdc2 kinase can induce cytoplasmic polyadenylation in the absence of Mos. Our data further indicate that although phosphorylation of the CPE binding protein may be involved in the induction of Mos-dependent polyadenylation, it is not required for Mos-independent polyadenylation. We characterized the elements conferring Mos dependence (Mos response elements) in the histone B4 and cyclin B1 mRNAs by mutational analysis. For histone B4 mRNA, the Mos response elements were in the coding region or 5' UTR. For cyclin B1 mRNA, the main Mos response element was a CPE that overlaps with the AAUAAA hexanucleotide. This indicates that the position of the CPE can have a profound influence on the timing of cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
Bilger,
Nuclear polyadenylation factors recognize cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cho,
Xenopus laevis B4, an intron-containing oocyte-specific linker histone-encoding gene.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Church,
Genomic sequencing.
1984,
Pubmed
Curtis,
Translational regulation in development.
1995,
Pubmed
Gebauer,
Translational control by cytoplasmic polyadenylation of c-mos mRNA is necessary for oocyte maturation in the mouse.
1994,
Pubmed
Gebauer,
Synthesis and function of Mos: the control switch of vertebrate oocyte meiosis.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gotoh,
Initiation of Xenopus oocyte maturation by activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hake,
Translational regulation of maternal mRNA.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hake,
CPEB is a specificity factor that mediates cytoplasmic polyadenylation during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
KIRBY,
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RIBOSOMAL RIBONUCLEIC ACID.
1965,
Pubmed
Kobayashi,
On the synthesis and destruction of A- and B-type cyclins during oogenesis and meiotic maturation in Xenopus laevis.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kosako,
Regulation and function of the MAP kinase cascade in Xenopus oocytes.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kuge,
Cytoplasmic 3' poly(A) addition induces 5' cap ribose methylation: implications for translational control of maternal mRNA.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lee,
An inhibitor of p34cdc2/cyclin B that regulates the G2/M transition in Xenopus extracts.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Macdonald,
Translational regulation of maternal mRNAs.
1996,
Pubmed
MacLachlan,
Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases and cdk inhibitors: implications in cell cycle control and cancer.
1995,
Pubmed
Manley,
A complex protein assembly catalyzes polyadenylation of mRNA precursors.
1995,
Pubmed
Nebreda,
Newly synthesized protein(s) must associate with p34cdc2 to activate MAP kinase and MPF during progesterone-induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nebreda,
The c-mos proto-oncogene protein kinase turns on and maintains the activity of MAP kinase, but not MPF, in cell-free extracts of Xenopus oocytes and eggs.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nigg,
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases: key regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
1995,
Pubmed
Paris,
Maturation-specific polyadenylation: in vitro activation by p34cdc2 and phosphorylation of a 58-kD CPE-binding protein.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pines,
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases: a biochemical view.
1995,
Pubmed
Sagata,
Function of c-mos proto-oncogene product in meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sagata,
What does Mos do in oocytes and somatic cells?
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sheets,
The 3'-untranslated regions of c-mos and cyclin mRNAs stimulate translation by regulating cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sheets,
Polyadenylation of c-mos mRNA as a control point in Xenopus meiotic maturation.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Simon,
Translational control by poly(A) elongation during Xenopus development: differential repression and enhancement by a novel cytoplasmic polyadenylation element.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Expression of a histone H1-like protein is restricted to early Xenopus development.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stebbins-Boaz,
CPEB controls the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of cyclin, Cdk2 and c-mos mRNAs and is necessary for oocyte maturation in Xenopus.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stebbins-Boaz,
Multiple sequence elements and a maternal mRNA product control cdk2 RNA polyadenylation and translation during early Xenopus development.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
St Johnston,
The origin of pattern and polarity in the Drosophila embryo.
1992,
Pubmed
Wahle,
3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of mRNA precursors.
1995,
Pubmed
Wormington,
Preparation of synthetic mRNAs and analyses of translational efficiency in microinjected Xenopus oocytes.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
