XB-ART-38292
J Dent Res
2008 Sep 01;879:806-16. doi: 10.1177/154405910808700909.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis as a model for understanding tissue repair.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Augmentation of regenerative ability is a powerful strategy being pursued for the biomedical management of traumatic injury, cancer, and degeneration. While considerable attention has been focused on embryonic stem cells, it is clear that much remains to be learned about how somatic cells may be controlled in the adult organism. The tadpole of the frog Xenopus laevis is a powerful model system within which fundamental mechanisms of regeneration are being addressed. The tadpole tail contains spinal cord, muscle, vasculature, and other terminally differentiated cell types and can fully regenerate itself through tissue renewal--a process that is most relevant to mammalian healing. Recent insight into this process has uncovered fascinating molecular details of how a complex appendage senses injury and rapidly repairs the necessary morphology. Here, we review what is known about the chemical and bioelectric signals underlying this process and draw analogies to evolutionarily conserved pathways in other patterning systems. The understanding of this process is not only of fundamental interest for the evolutionary and cell biology of morphogenesis, but will also generate information that is crucial to the development of regenerative therapies for human tissues and organs.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 18719206
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC10445233
???displayArticle.link??? J Dent Res
???displayArticle.grants??? [+]
References [+] :
Adams,
Inverse drug screens: a rapid and inexpensive method for implicating molecular targets.
2006, Pubmed
Adams, Inverse drug screens: a rapid and inexpensive method for implicating molecular targets. 2006, Pubmed
Adams, Early, H+-V-ATPase-dependent proton flux is necessary for consistent left-right patterning of non-mammalian vertebrates. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Adams, H+ pump-dependent changes in membrane voltage are an early mechanism necessary and sufficient to induce Xenopus tail regeneration. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Altizer, Endogenous electric current is associated with normal development of the vertebrate limb. 2001, Pubmed
Armstrong, A novel form of epithelial wound healing of the embryonic epidermis. 2006, Pubmed
Arnhold, Neurally selected embryonic stem cells induce tumor formation after long-term survival following engraftment into the subretinal space. 2004, Pubmed
Atkinson, Cellular electroporation induces dedifferentiation in intact newt limbs. 2006, Pubmed
Azar, Matrix metalloproteinases are expressed during wound healing after excimer laser keratectomy. 1996, Pubmed
Beck, Molecular pathways needed for regeneration of spinal cord and muscle in a vertebrate. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Beck, Temporal requirement for bone morphogenetic proteins in regeneration of the tail and limb of Xenopus tadpoles. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Bird, DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. 2002, Pubmed
Birnbaum, Slicing across kingdoms: regeneration in plants and animals. 2008, Pubmed
Bolós, Notch signaling in development and cancer. 2007, Pubmed
Borgens, The role of ionic current in the regeneration and development of the amphibian limb. 1983, Pubmed
Borgens, Are limb development and limb regeneration both initiated by an integumentary wounding? A hypothesis. 1984, Pubmed
Borgens, A steady efflux of ionic current predicts hind limb development in the axolotl. 1983, Pubmed
Brockes, Plasticity and reprogramming of differentiated cells in amphibian regeneration. 2002, Pubmed
Campbell, Wound epidermis formation and function in urodele amphibian limb regeneration. 2008, Pubmed
Carinato, Xenopus laevis gelatinase B (Xmmp-9): development, regeneration, and wound healing. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chargé, Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. 2004, Pubmed
Chen, Control of muscle regeneration in the Xenopus tadpole tail by Pax7. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Christen, Regeneration-specific expression pattern of three posterior Hox genes. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cone, Induction of mitosis in mature neurons in central nervous system by sustained depolarization. 1976, Pubmed
Das, Controlling transgene expression to study Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
den Hertog, Chemical genetics: Drug screens in Zebrafish. 2005, Pubmed
Deuchar, Regeneration of the tail bud in Xenopus embryos. 1975, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dong, Identification of two novel CT antigens and their capacity to elicit antibody response in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 2003, Pubmed
Douglas, Conservative management of guillotine amputation of the finger in children. 1972, Pubmed
Echeverri, Ectoderm to mesoderm lineage switching during axolotl tail regeneration. 2002, Pubmed
Echeverri, Electroporation as a tool to study in vivo spinal cord regeneration. 2003, Pubmed
Eide, Electroporation-mediated gene transfer in free-swimming embryonic Xenopus laevis. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Elmore, Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. 2007, Pubmed
Fini, Proteolytic mechanisms in corneal ulceration and repair. 1998, Pubmed
Fiúza, Cell and molecular biology of Notch. 2007, Pubmed
Gargioli, Cell lineage tracing during Xenopus tail regeneration. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gilbert, Association of BCL-2 with membrane hyperpolarization and radioresistance. 1996, Pubmed
Gordon, Role of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily signaling pathways in human disease. 2008, Pubmed
Gros, A common somitic origin for embryonic muscle progenitors and satellite cells. 2005, Pubmed
Haas, Single-cell electroporation for gene transfer in vivo. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Haas, Targeted electroporation in Xenopus tadpoles in vivo--from single cells to the entire brain. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Haynes, BMP signaling mediates stem/progenitor cell-induced retina regeneration. 2007, Pubmed
Heber-Katz, The scarless heart and the MRL mouse. 2004, Pubmed
Hibino, Ion flow regulates left-right asymmetry in sea urchin development. 2006, Pubmed
Ho, TGF-beta signaling is required for multiple processes during Xenopus tail regeneration. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Illingworth, Trapped fingers and amputated finger tips in children. 1974, Pubmed
Jaźwińska, Activin-betaA signaling is required for zebrafish fin regeneration. 2007, Pubmed
Jin, Gene therapy of bone morphogenetic protein for periodontal tissue engineering. 2003, Pubmed
Kassar-Duchossoy, Pax3/Pax7 mark a novel population of primitive myogenic cells during development. 2005, Pubmed
Kherif, Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in regenerating skeletal muscle: a study in experimentally injured and mdx muscles. 1999, Pubmed
Kroll, Transgenic Xenopus embryos from sperm nuclear transplantations reveal FGF signaling requirements during gastrulation. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kumar, Plasticity of retrovirus-labelled myotubes in the newt limb regeneration blastema. 2000, Pubmed
Kumar, The regenerative plasticity of isolated urodele myofibers and its dependence on MSX1. 2004, Pubmed
Kumar, Molecular basis for the nerve dependence of limb regeneration in an adult vertebrate. 2007, Pubmed
Lademann, Diarylurea compounds inhibit caspase activation by preventing the formation of the active 700-kilodalton apoptosome complex. 2003, Pubmed
Lai, Notch signaling: control of cell communication and cell fate. 2004, Pubmed
Levin, Large-scale biophysics: ion flows and regeneration. 2007, Pubmed
Levin, Gap junctions are involved in the early generation of left-right asymmetry. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Levin, Gap junction-mediated transfer of left-right patterning signals in the early chick blastoderm is upstream of Shh asymmetry in the node. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Levin, Asymmetries in H+/K+-ATPase and cell membrane potentials comprise a very early step in left-right patterning. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Li, PTEN regulation of neural development and CNS stem cells. 2003, Pubmed
Lien, Gene expression analysis of zebrafish heart regeneration. 2006, Pubmed
Lin, Requirement for Wnt and FGF signaling in Xenopus tadpole tail regeneration. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lin, Regeneration of neural crest derivatives in the Xenopus tadpole tail. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lo, Reversal of muscle differentiation during urodele limb regeneration. 1993, Pubmed
Martin, Parallels between tissue repair and embryo morphogenesis. 2004, Pubmed
Massagué, TGF-beta signal transduction. 1998, Pubmed
Masuda, An NH2-terminal deleted plasma membrane H+-ATPase is a dominant negative mutant and is sequestered in endoplasmic reticulum derived structures. 2000, Pubmed
McCaig, Controlling cell behavior electrically: current views and future potential. 2005, Pubmed
Mescher, Apoptosis in regenerating and denervated, nonregenerating urodele forelimbs. 2000, Pubmed
Mescher, Cells of cutaneous immunity in Xenopus: studies during larval development and limb regeneration. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Miyazaki, Cloning and characterization of cDNAs for matrix metalloproteinases of regenerating newt limbs. 1996, Pubmed
Mochii, Tail regeneration in the Xenopus tadpole. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Murata, Phosphoinositide phosphatase activity coupled to an intrinsic voltage sensor. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nuccitelli, Embryonic cell motility can be guided by physiological electric fields. 1983, Pubmed
Nuccitelli, Protein kinases are required for embryonic neural crest cell galvanotaxis. 1993, Pubmed
Odelberg, Dedifferentiation of mammalian myotubes induced by msx1. 2000, Pubmed
Ogino, Highly efficient transgenesis in Xenopus tropicalis using I-SceI meganuclease. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Pan, I-SceI meganuclease-mediated transgenesis in Xenopus. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Poss, Tales of regeneration in zebrafish. 2003, Pubmed
Price, Deer antlers as a model of Mammalian regeneration. 2005, Pubmed
Quint, Bone patterning is altered in the regenerating zebrafish caudal fin after ectopic expression of sonic hedgehog and bmp2b or exposure to cyclopamine. 2002, Pubmed
Raja, Wound re-epithelialization: modulating keratinocyte migration in wound healing. 2007, Pubmed
Rajnicek, An endogenous sodium current may mediate wound healing in Xenopus neurulae. 1988, Pubmed , Xenbase
Redd, Wound healing and inflammation: embryos reveal the way to perfect repair. 2004, Pubmed
Reddien, Fundamentals of planarian regeneration. 2004, Pubmed
Reddien, Identification of genes needed for regeneration, stem cell function, and tissue homeostasis by systematic gene perturbation in planaria. 2005, Pubmed
Relaix, A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. 2005, Pubmed
Rhett, Novel therapies for scar reduction and regenerative healing of skin wounds. 2008, Pubmed
Robinson, Endogenous electrical current leaves the limb and prelimb region of the Xenopus embryo. 1983, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ruscetti, Autocrine transforming growth factor-beta regulation of hematopoiesis: many outcomes that depend on the context. 2005, Pubmed
Ryffel, Tagging muscle cell lineages in development and tail regeneration using Cre recombinase in transgenic Xenopus. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sasagawa, Improved mRNA electroporation method for Xenopus neurula embryos. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
SAUNDERS, Cellular death in morphogenesis of the avian wing. 1962, Pubmed
Seoane, Escaping from the TGFbeta anti-proliferative control. 2006, Pubmed
Shi, Three-dimensional gradients of voltage during development of the nervous system as invisible coordinates for the establishment of embryonic pattern. 1995, Pubmed
Shimeld, Evidence for the regulation of left-right asymmetry in Ciona intestinalis by ion flux. 2006, Pubmed
Smith, Inhibition of BMP signaling during zebrafish fin regeneration disrupts fin growth and scleroblasts differentiation and function. 2006, Pubmed
Smith, Using Pharmabase to perform pharmacological analyses of cell function. 2006, Pubmed
Stillwell, Stimulation of DNA synthesis in CNS neurones by sustained depolarisation. 1973, Pubmed
Stoick-Cooper, Advances in signaling in vertebrate regeneration as a prelude to regenerative medicine. 2007, Pubmed
Sugiura, Differential gene expression between the embryonic tail bud and regenerating larval tail in Xenopus laevis. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Suzuki, Xenopus msx1 mediates epidermal induction and neural inhibition by BMP4. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Suzuki, Nerve-dependent and -independent events in blastema formation during Xenopus froglet limb regeneration. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Suzuki, Regeneration of defects in the articular cartilage in rabbit temporomandibular joints by bone morphogenetic protein-2. 2002, Pubmed
Tassava, The roles of injury, nerves, and the wound epidermis during the initiation of amphibian limb regeneration. 1975, Pubmed
Tazaki, Macroarray-based analysis of tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis larvae. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tseng, Apoptosis is required during early stages of tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tsonis, Transdifferentiation as a basis for amphibian limb regeneration. 1995, Pubmed
Tsuda, Inhibitory effect of M50054, a novel inhibitor of apoptosis, on anti-Fas-antibody-induced hepatitis and chemotherapy-induced alopecia. 2001, Pubmed
Vlaskalin, Growth and apoptosis during larval forelimb development and adult forelimb regeneration in the newt ( Notophthalmus viridescens). 2004, Pubmed
von Bubnoff, Intracellular BMP signaling regulation in vertebrates: pathway or network? 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wakitani, Embryonic stem cells injected into the mouse knee joint form teratomas and subsequently destroy the joint. 2003, Pubmed
Wang, Roles of K+ channels in regulating tumour cell proliferation and apoptosis. 2004, Pubmed
Weber, Inhibitory effect of actinomycin D on tail atrophy in Xenopus larvae at metamorphosis. 1965, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wieczorek, Animal plasma membrane energization by proton-motive V-ATPases. 1999, Pubmed
Yakushiji, Correlation between Shh expression and DNA methylation status of the limb-specific Shh enhancer region during limb regeneration in amphibians. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Yang, Developmental regulation of a matrix metalloproteinase during regeneration of axolotl appendages. 1994, Pubmed
Yang, Expression of Mmp-9 and related matrix metalloproteinase genes during axolotl limb regeneration. 1999, Pubmed
Ye, Expression of gelatinases A and B, and TIMPs 1 and 2 during corneal wound healing. 1998, Pubmed
Yeh, Chemical genetics: adding to the developmental biology toolbox. 2003, Pubmed
Yoshii, Wound healing ability of Xenopus laevis embryos. II. Morphological analysis of wound marginal epidermis. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhao, Electrical signals control wound healing through phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase-gamma and PTEN. 2006, Pubmed