XB-ART-44786
Trends Cell Biol
2011 Oct 01;2110:604-14. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.06.007.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Regulation of microtubule dynamics by TOG-domain proteins XMAP215/Dis1 and CLASP.
Al-Bassam J
,
Chang F
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The molecular mechanisms by which microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate the dynamic properties of microtubules (MTs) are still poorly understood. We review recent advances in our understanding of two conserved families of MAPs, the XMAP215/Dis1 and CLASP family of proteins. In vivo and in vitro studies show that XMAP215 proteins act as microtubule polymerases at MT plus ends to accelerate MT assembly, and CLASP proteins promote MT rescue and suppress MT catastrophe events. These are structurally related proteins that use conserved TOG domains to recruit tubulin dimers to MTs. We discuss models for how these proteins might use these individual tubulin dimers to regulate dynamic behavior of MT plus ends.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 21782439
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC3202638
???displayArticle.link??? Trends Cell Biol
???displayArticle.grants??? [+]
K99 GM084292 NIGMS NIH HHS , K99 GM084292-02 NIGMS NIH HHS , K99 GM084292-02S1 NIGMS NIH HHS , R00 GM084292 NIGMS NIH HHS
Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: ckap5
References [+] :
Akhmanova,
Clasps are CLIP-115 and -170 associating proteins involved in the regional regulation of microtubule dynamics in motile fibroblasts.
2001, Pubmed
Akhmanova, Clasps are CLIP-115 and -170 associating proteins involved in the regional regulation of microtubule dynamics in motile fibroblasts. 2001, Pubmed
Akhmanova, Tracking the ends: a dynamic protein network controls the fate of microtubule tips. 2008, Pubmed
Akhmanova, Microtubule end binding: EBs sense the guanine nucleotide state. 2011, Pubmed , Xenbase
Al-Bassam, CLASP promotes microtubule rescue by recruiting tubulin dimers to the microtubule. 2010, Pubmed
Al-Bassam, Stu2p binds tubulin and undergoes an open-to-closed conformational change. 2006, Pubmed
Al-Bassam, Crystal structure of a TOG domain: conserved features of XMAP215/Dis1-family TOG domains and implications for tubulin binding. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ambrose, CLASP modulates microtubule-cortex interaction during self-organization of acentrosomal microtubules. 2008, Pubmed
Barros, Aurora A activates D-TACC-Msps complexes exclusively at centrosomes to stabilize centrosomal microtubules. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Bellanger, TAC-1 and ZYG-9 form a complex that promotes microtubule assembly in C. elegans embryos. 2003, Pubmed
Bratman, Stabilization of overlapping microtubules by fission yeast CLASP. 2007, Pubmed
Bratman, Mechanisms for maintaining microtubule bundles. 2008, Pubmed
Brittle, Mini spindles, the XMAP215 homologue, suppresses pausing of interphase microtubules in Drosophila. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Brouhard, XMAP215 is a processive microtubule polymerase. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cassimeris, TOGp, the human homolog of XMAP215/Dis1, is required for centrosome integrity, spindle pole organization, and bipolar spindle assembly. 2004, Pubmed
Cassimeris, XMAP215 is a long thin molecule that does not increase microtubule stiffness. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Charrasse, The TOGp protein is a new human microtubule-associated protein homologous to the Xenopus XMAP215. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cheeseman, The CENP-F-like proteins HCP-1 and HCP-2 target CLASP to kinetochores to mediate chromosome segregation. 2005, Pubmed
Chen, The yeast spindle pole body component Spc72p interacts with Stu2p and is required for proper microtubule assembly. 1998, Pubmed
Cullen, Msps protein is localized to acentrosomal poles to ensure bipolarity of Drosophila meiotic spindles. 2001, Pubmed
Cullen, mini spindles: A gene encoding a conserved microtubule-associated protein required for the integrity of the mitotic spindle in Drosophila. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Desai, Microtubule polymerization dynamics. 1997, Pubmed
Downing, Tubulin structure: insights into microtubule properties and functions. 1998, Pubmed
Drabek, Role of CLASP2 in microtubule stabilization and the regulation of persistent motility. 2006, Pubmed
Dumont, A kinetochore-independent mechanism drives anaphase chromosome separation during acentrosomal meiosis. 2010, Pubmed
Edgar, MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. 2004, Pubmed
Efimov, Asymmetric CLASP-dependent nucleation of noncentrosomal microtubules at the trans-Golgi network. 2007, Pubmed
Garcia, Fission yeast ch-TOG/XMAP215 homologue Alp14 connects mitotic spindles with the kinetochore and is a component of the Mad2-dependent spindle checkpoint. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gard, A microtubule-associated protein from Xenopus eggs that specifically promotes assembly at the plus-end. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gard, MAPping the eukaryotic tree of life: structure, function, and evolution of the MAP215/Dis1 family of microtubule-associated proteins. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gergely, The ch-TOG/XMAP215 protein is essential for spindle pole organization in human somatic cells. 2003, Pubmed
Hannak, Xorbit/CLASP links dynamic microtubules to chromosomes in the Xenopus meiotic spindle. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Honnappa, An EB1-binding motif acts as a microtubule tip localization signal. 2009, Pubmed
Howard, Growth, fluctuation and switching at microtubule plus ends. 2009, Pubmed
Hsu, Ndc80 internal loop interacts with Dis1/TOG to ensure proper kinetochore-spindle attachment in fission yeast. 2011, Pubmed
Inoue, Mutations in orbit/mast reveal that the central spindle is comprised of two microtubule populations, those that initiate cleavage and those that propagate furrow ingression. 2004, Pubmed
Kawamura, MOR1, the Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of Xenopus MAP215, promotes rapid growth and shrinkage, and suppresses the pausing of microtubules in vivo. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kinoshita, Reconstitution of physiological microtubule dynamics using purified components. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kinoshita, Aurora A phosphorylation of TACC3/maskin is required for centrosome-dependent microtubule assembly in mitosis. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kitamura, Kinetochores generate microtubules with distal plus ends: their roles and limited lifetime in mitosis. 2010, Pubmed
Kumar, GSK3beta phosphorylation modulates CLASP-microtubule association and lamella microtubule attachment. 2009, Pubmed
Lansbergen, CLASPs attach microtubule plus ends to the cell cortex through a complex with LL5beta. 2006, Pubmed
Lee, The microtubule plus end tracking protein Orbit/MAST/CLASP acts downstream of the tyrosine kinase Abl in mediating axon guidance. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lee, Msps/XMAP215 interacts with the centrosomal protein D-TACC to regulate microtubule behaviour. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Maffini, Motor-independent targeting of CLASPs to kinetochores by CENP-E promotes microtubule turnover and poleward flux. 2009, Pubmed
Maiato, Drosophila CLASP is required for the incorporation of microtubule subunits into fluxing kinetochore fibres. 2005, Pubmed
Maiato, Human CLASP1 is an outer kinetochore component that regulates spindle microtubule dynamics. 2003, Pubmed
Mandelkow, Microtubule dynamics and microtubule caps: a time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy study. 1991, Pubmed
Manning, CLASP1, astrin and Kif2b form a molecular switch that regulates kinetochore-microtubule dynamics to promote mitotic progression and fidelity. 2010, Pubmed
Máthé, Orbit/Mast, the CLASP orthologue of Drosophila, is required for asymmetric stem cell and cystocyte divisions and development of the polarised microtubule network that interconnects oocyte and nurse cells during oogenesis. 2003, Pubmed
Maurer, GTPgammaS microtubules mimic the growing microtubule end structure recognized by end-binding proteins (EBs). 2011, Pubmed
Mimori-Kiyosue, Mammalian CLASPs are required for mitotic spindle organization and kinetochore alignment. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nogales, Tubulin rings: which way do they curve? 2003, Pubmed
Ohkura, Dis1/TOG universal microtubule adaptors - one MAP for all? 2001, Pubmed
Pasqualone, STU1, a suppressor of a beta-tubulin mutation, encodes a novel and essential component of the yeast mitotic spindle. 1994, Pubmed
Peset, Function and regulation of Maskin, a TACC family protein, in microtubule growth during mitosis. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Powers, The Ndc80 kinetochore complex forms load-bearing attachments to dynamic microtubule tips via biased diffusion. 2009, Pubmed
Rockmill, DIS1: a yeast gene required for proper meiotic chromosome disjunction. 1988, Pubmed
Roque, The fission yeast XMAP215 homolog Dis1p is involved in microtubule bundle organization. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Saitou, The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. 1987, Pubmed
Sandblad, The Schizosaccharomyces pombe EB1 homolog Mal3p binds and stabilizes the microtubule lattice seam. 2006, Pubmed
Sato, Alp7/TACC is a crucial target in Ran-GTPase-dependent spindle formation in fission yeast. 2007, Pubmed
Sato, Interdependency of fission yeast Alp14/TOG and coiled coil protein Alp7 in microtubule localization and bipolar spindle formation. 2004, Pubmed
Schek, Microtubule assembly dynamics at the nanoscale. 2007, Pubmed
Shirasu-Hiza, Identification of XMAP215 as a microtubule-destabilizing factor in Xenopus egg extract by biochemical purification. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Slep, Structural and mechanistic insights into microtubule end-binding proteins. 2010, Pubmed
Slep, Structural basis of microtubule plus end tracking by XMAP215, CLIP-170, and EB1. 2007, Pubmed
Stramer, Clasp-mediated microtubule bundling regulates persistent motility and contact repulsion in Drosophila macrophages in vivo. 2010, Pubmed
Tanaka, Molecular mechanisms of kinetochore capture by spindle microtubules. 2005, Pubmed
Tournebize, Control of microtubule dynamics by the antagonistic activities of XMAP215 and XKCM1 in Xenopus egg extracts. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
van Breugel, Stu2p, the budding yeast member of the conserved Dis1/XMAP215 family of microtubule-associated proteins is a plus end-binding microtubule destabilizer. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
van der Vaart, SLAIN2 links microtubule plus end-tracking proteins and controls microtubule growth in interphase. 2011, Pubmed
Wan, Protein architecture of the human kinetochore microtubule attachment site. 2009, Pubmed
Wang, Stu2p: A microtubule-binding protein that is an essential component of the yeast spindle pole body. 1997, Pubmed
Wang, Architecture of the Dam1 kinetochore ring complex and implications for microtubule-driven assembly and force-coupling mechanisms. 2007, Pubmed
Wei, The Ndc80/HEC1 complex is a contact point for kinetochore-microtubule attachment. 2007, Pubmed
Westermann, The Dam1 kinetochore ring complex moves processively on depolymerizing microtubule ends. 2006, Pubmed
Whittington, MOR1 is essential for organizing cortical microtubules in plants. 2001, Pubmed
Widlund, XMAP215 polymerase activity is built by combining multiple tubulin-binding TOG domains and a basic lattice-binding region. 2011, Pubmed
Wittmann, Spatial regulation of CLASP affinity for microtubules by Rac1 and GSK3beta in migrating epithelial cells. 2005, Pubmed