Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Andino Fde J
,
Grayfer L
,
Chen G
,
Chinchar VG
,
Edholm ES
,
Robert J
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
To identify ranavirus virulence genes, we engineered Frog Virus 3 (FV3) knockout (KO) mutants defective for a putative viral caspase activation and recruitment domain-containing (CARD) protein (Δ64R-FV3) and a β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase homolog (Δ52L-FV3). Compared to wild type (WT) FV3, infection of Xenopus tadpoles with Δ64R- or Δ52L-FV3 resulted in significantly lower levels of mortality and viral replication. We further characterized these and two earlier KO mutants lacking the immediate-early18kDa protein (FV3-Δ18K) or the truncated viral homolog of eIF-2α (FV3-ΔvIF-2α). All KO mutants replicated as well as WT-FV3 in non-amphibian cell lines, whereas in Xenopus A6 kidney cells replication of ΔvCARD-, ΔvβHSD- and ΔvIF-2α-FV3 was markedly reduced. Furthermore, Δ64R- and ΔvIF-2α-FV3 were more sensitive to interferon than WT and Δ18-FV3. Notably, Δ64R-, Δ18K- and ΔvIF-2α- but not Δ52L-FV3 triggered more apoptosis than WT FV3. These data suggest that vCARD (64R) and vβ-HSD (52L) genes contribute to viral pathogenesis.
Beattie,
Distinct patterns of IFN sensitivity observed in cells infected with vaccinia K3L- and E3L- mutant viruses.
1995, Pubmed
Beattie,
Distinct patterns of IFN sensitivity observed in cells infected with vaccinia K3L- and E3L- mutant viruses.
1995,
Pubmed
Besch,
Proapoptotic signaling induced by RIG-I and MDA-5 results in type I interferon-independent apoptosis in human melanoma cells.
2009,
Pubmed
Chen,
Iridovirus CARD Protein Inhibits Apoptosis through Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways.
2015,
Pubmed
Chen,
Improved knockout methodology reveals that frog virus 3 mutants lacking either the 18K immediate-early gene or the truncated vIF-2alpha gene are defective for replication and growth in vivo.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chinchar,
Family Iridoviridae: poor viral relations no longer.
2009,
Pubmed
Chinchar,
Temperature-sensitive mutants of frog virus 3: biochemical and genetic characterization.
1986,
Pubmed
Essbauer,
Comparison of the eIF-2alpha homologous proteins of seven ranaviruses (Iridoviridae).
2001,
Pubmed
Gantress,
Development and characterization of a model system to study amphibian immune responses to iridoviruses.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Goorha,
A temperature-sensitive (TS) mutant of frog virus 3 (FV3) is defective in second-stage DNA replication.
1984,
Pubmed
Goorha,
Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of frog virus 3 defective in DNA replication.
1981,
Pubmed
Granoff,
The isolation and properties of viruses from Rana pipiens: their possible relationship to the renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog.
1965,
Pubmed
Grayfer,
The amphibian (Xenopus laevis) type I interferon response to frog virus 3: new insight into ranavirus pathogenicity.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Huang,
Identification and characterization of a tumor necrosis factor receptor like protein encoded by Singapore grouper iridovirus.
2013,
Pubmed
Jancovich,
Evidence for multiple recent host species shifts among the Ranaviruses (family Iridoviridae).
2010,
Pubmed
Jancovich,
Innate immune evasion mediated by the Ambystoma tigrinum virus eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha homologue.
2011,
Pubmed
Kawai,
The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition.
2009,
Pubmed
Kawai,
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors.
2010,
Pubmed
Langland,
The role of the PKR-inhibitory genes, E3L and K3L, in determining vaccinia virus host range.
2002,
Pubmed
Liang,
Novel functions of viral anti-apoptotic factors.
2015,
Pubmed
Meylan,
Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus.
2005,
Pubmed
Moore,
Steroid hormone synthesis by a vaccinia enzyme: a new type of virus virulence factor.
1992,
Pubmed
Rothenburg,
Characterization of a ranavirus inhibitor of the antiviral protein kinase PKR.
2011,
Pubmed
Sample,
Inhibition of iridovirus protein synthesis and virus replication by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides targeted to the major capsid protein, the 18 kDa immediate-early protein, and a viral homolog of RNA polymerase II.
2007,
Pubmed
Sroller,
Effect of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene deletion on virulence and immunogenicity of different vaccinia viruses and their recombinants.
1998,
Pubmed
Tan,
Comparative genomic analyses of frog virus 3, type species of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae).
2004,
Pubmed
Whitley,
Antisense approaches for elucidating ranavirus gene function in an infected fish cell line.
2011,
Pubmed
Williams,
A decade of advances in iridovirus research.
2005,
Pubmed
Yan,
An insulin-like growth factor homologue of Singapore grouper iridovirus modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and enhances viral replication.
2013,
Pubmed
