XB-ART-44253
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
2011 Jun 01;36:. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a002659.
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Nuclear transfer to eggs and oocytes.
Gurdon JB
,
Wilmut I
.
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We review experiments in which somatic cell nuclei are transplanted singly to enucleated eggs (metaphase II) in amphibia and mammals and as multiple nuclei to the germinal vesicle of amphibian oocytes (prophase I). These experiments have shown the totipotency of some somatic cell nuclei, as well as switches in cell type and changes in gene expression. Abnormalities of nuclear transplant embryo development increase greatly as nuclei are taken from progressively more differentiated donor cells. The molecular changes that accompany the reprogramming of transplanted nuclei help to indicate the mechanisms used by eggs and oocytes to reprogram gene expression. We discuss the importance of chromosomal protein exchange, of transcription factor supply, and of chromatin access in reprogramming.
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Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council , Medical Research Council , Wellcome Trust , G0700711B Medical Research Council
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