Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Chromatin, primarily a complex of DNA and histone proteins, is the physiological form of the genome. Chromatin is generally repressive for transcription and other information transactions that occur on DNA. A wealth of post-translational modifications on canonical histones and histone variants encode regulatory information to recruit or repel effector proteins on chromatin, promoting and further repressing transcription and thereby form the basis of epigenetic information. During metazoan oogenesis, large quantities of histone proteins are synthesized and stored in preparation for the rapid early cell cycles of development and to elicit maternal control of chromatin assembly pathways. Oocyte and eggcell-free extracts of the frog Xenopus laevis are a compelling model system for the study of chromatin assembly and transcription, precisely because they exist in an extreme state primed for rapid chromatin assembly or for transcriptional activity. We show that chromatin assembly rates are slower in the X. laevis oocyte than in egg extracts, while conversely, only oocyte extracts transcribe template plasmids. We demonstrate that rapid chromatin assembly in egg extracts represses RNA Polymerase II dependent transcription, while pre-binding of TATA-Binding Protein (TBP) to a template plasmid promotes transcription. Our experimental evidence presented here supports a model in which chromatin assembly and transcription are in competition and that the onset of zygotic genomic activation may be in part due to stable transcriptional complex assembly.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
27759158
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC5094458 ???displayArticle.link???Int J Dev Biol ???displayArticle.grants???[+]
Almouzni,
Competition between transcription complex assembly and chromatin assembly on replicating DNA.
1990, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Almouzni,
Competition between transcription complex assembly and chromatin assembly on replicating DNA.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Almouzni,
Constraints on transcriptional activator function contribute to transcriptional quiescence during early Xenopus embryogenesis.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Almouzni,
Transcription complex disruption caused by a transition in chromatin structure.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Amodeo,
Histone titration against the genome sets the DNA-to-cytoplasm threshold for the Xenopus midblastula transition.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
An,
Ordered cooperative functions of PRMT1, p300, and CARM1 in transcriptional activation by p53.
2004,
Pubmed
An,
Reconstitution and transcriptional analysis of chromatin in vitro.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Banaszynski,
Analysis of histones and chromatin in Xenopus laevis egg and oocyte extracts.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bannister,
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications.
2011,
Pubmed
Das,
Histone exchange and histone modifications during transcription and aging.
2013,
Pubmed
Dimitrov,
Chromatin transitions during early Xenopus embryogenesis: changes in histone H4 acetylation and in linker histone type.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hair,
Control of gene expression in Xenopus early development.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kikyo,
Active remodeling of somatic nuclei in egg cytoplasm by the nucleosomal ATPase ISWI.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Maller,
Cell cycle transitions in early Xenopus development.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newport,
A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: II. Control of the onset of transcription.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nicklay,
Analysis of histones in Xenopus laevis. II. mass spectrometry reveals an index of cell type-specific modifications on H3 and H4.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
O'Farrell,
Embryonic cleavage cycles: how is a mouse like a fly?
2004,
Pubmed
Onikubo,
Developmentally Regulated Post-translational Modification of Nucleoplasmin Controls Histone Sequestration and Deposition.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Prioleau,
Competition between chromatin and transcription complex assembly regulates gene expression during early development.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Prioleau,
Programming of a repressed but committed chromatin structure during early development.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schier,
The maternal-zygotic transition: death and birth of RNAs.
2007,
Pubmed
Shechter,
A distinct H2A.X isoform is enriched in Xenopus laevis eggs and early embryos and is phosphorylated in the absence of a checkpoint.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shechter,
Analysis of histones in Xenopus laevis. I. A distinct index of enriched variants and modifications exists in each cell type and is remodeled during developmental transitions.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tadros,
The maternal-to-zygotic transition: a play in two acts.
2009,
Pubmed
Toyoda,
In vitro transcription by RNA polymerase II in extracts of Xenopus oocytes, eggs, and somatic cells.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wang,
Phosphorylation and arginine methylation mark histone H2A prior to deposition during Xenopus laevis development.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wieland,
Amatoxins, phallotoxins, phallolysin, and antamanide: the biologically active components of poisonous Amanita mushrooms.
1978,
Pubmed
Wilczek,
Protein arginine methyltransferase Prmt5-Mep50 methylates histones H2A and H4 and the histone chaperone nucleoplasmin in Xenopus laevis eggs.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wolffe,
Transcription factor access to DNA in the nucleosome.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
