XB-ART-53324
Semin Cell Dev Biol
2015 Jun 01;42:118-33. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.06.003.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Temporally coordinated signals progressively pattern the anteroposterior and dorsoventral body axes.
Tuazon FB
,
Mullins MC
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The vertebrate body plan is established through the precise spatiotemporal coordination of morphogen signaling pathways that pattern the anteroposterior (AP) and dorsoventral (DV) axes. Patterning along the AP axis is directed by posteriorizing signals Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Nodal, and retinoic acid (RA), while patterning along the DV axis is directed by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) ventralizing signals. This review addresses the current understanding of how Wnt, FGF, RA and BMP pattern distinct AP and DV cell fates during early development and how their signaling mechanisms are coordinated to concomitantly pattern AP and DV tissues.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 26123688
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC4562868
???displayArticle.link??? Semin Cell Dev Biol
???displayArticle.grants??? [+]
R01 GM056326 NIGMS NIH HHS , T32 GM007229 NIGMS NIH HHS , F31-GM113362-01 NIGMS NIH HHS , T32-GM007229 NIGMS NIH HHS , F31 GM113362 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01-GM56326-16 NIGMS NIH HHS
Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: bmp4 chrd cyp26a1 egr2 fst gsc hoxb1 lefty1 nodal nodal1 pax2 six3 spry1 szl ventx1 wnt1
References [+] :
Agathon,
The molecular nature of the zebrafish tail organizer.
2003, Pubmed
Agathon, The molecular nature of the zebrafish tail organizer. 2003, Pubmed
Agius, Endodermal Nodal-related signals and mesoderm induction in Xenopus. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Amaya, Expression of a dominant negative mutant of the FGF receptor disrupts mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ambrosio, Crossveinless-2 Is a BMP feedback inhibitor that binds Chordin/BMP to regulate Xenopus embryonic patterning. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Armes, The ALK-2 and ALK-4 activin receptors transduce distinct mesoderm-inducing signals during early Xenopus development but do not co-operate to establish thresholds. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Balaskas, Gene regulatory logic for reading the Sonic Hedgehog signaling gradient in the vertebrate neural tube. 2012, Pubmed
Bang, Expression of Pax-3 in the lateral neural plate is dependent on a Wnt-mediated signal from posterior nonaxial mesoderm. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Barkai, Robust generation and decoding of morphogen gradients. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Beck, The role of BMP signaling in outgrowth and patterning of the Xenopus tail bud. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Begemann, Beyond the neckless phenotype: influence of reduced retinoic acid signaling on motor neuron development in the zebrafish hindbrain. 2004, Pubmed
Bellipanni, Essential and opposing roles of zebrafish beta-catenins in the formation of dorsal axial structures and neurectoderm. 2006, Pubmed
Bielen, BMP signaling protects telencephalic fate by repressing eye identity and its Cxcr4-dependent morphogenesis. 2012, Pubmed
Bisgrove, Regulation of midline development by antagonism of lefty and nodal signaling. 1999, Pubmed
Blader, Cleavage of the BMP-4 antagonist chordin by zebrafish tolloid. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Brennan, Nodal signalling in the epiblast patterns the early mouse embryo. 2001, Pubmed
Cabrita, Sprouty proteins, masterminds of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. 2008, Pubmed
Cai, Cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins are essential for hindbrain patterning and signal robustness in zebrafish. 2012, Pubmed
Campbell, Dynamic visualization of transcription and RNA subcellular localization in zebrafish. 2015, Pubmed
Chen, The zebrafish Nodal signal Squint functions as a morphogen. 2001, Pubmed
Chen, Lefty proteins are long-range inhibitors of squint-mediated nodal signaling. 2002, Pubmed
Chen, Two modes by which Lefty proteins inhibit nodal signaling. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cheng, The lefty-related factor Xatv acts as a feedback inhibitor of nodal signaling in mesoderm induction and L-R axis development in xenopus. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cho, BMP signal attenuates FGF pathway in anteroposterior neural patterning. 2013, Pubmed , Xenbase
Christen, FGF-8 is associated with anteroposterior patterning and limb regeneration in Xenopus. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Christian, Interactions between Xwnt-8 and Spemann organizer signaling pathways generate dorsoventral pattern in the embryonic mesoderm of Xenopus. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Collavin, The secreted Frizzled-related protein Sizzled functions as a negative feedback regulator of extreme ventral mesoderm. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Collery, Dynamic smad-mediated BMP signaling revealed through transgenic zebrafish. 2011, Pubmed
Cong, Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems. 2013, Pubmed
Connors, Temporal and spatial action of tolloid (mini fin) and chordin to pattern tail tissues. 2006, Pubmed
Connors, The role of tolloid/mini fin in dorsoventral pattern formation of the zebrafish embryo. 1999, Pubmed
Cox, Caudalization of neural fate by tissue recombination and bFGF. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dale, Bone morphogenetic protein 4: a ventralizing factor in early Xenopus development. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dal-Pra, Noggin1 and Follistatin-like2 function redundantly to Chordin to antagonize BMP activity. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Darnell, Timing and cell interactions underlying neural induction in the chick embryo. 1999, Pubmed
De Robertis, Spemann's organizer and self-regulation in amphibian embryos. 2006, Pubmed
De Robertis, A common plan for dorsoventral patterning in Bilateria. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dick, Smad1 and Smad5 have distinct roles during dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo. 1999, Pubmed
Dick, Essential role of Bmp7 (snailhouse) and its prodomain in dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo. 2000, Pubmed
Dixon Fox, Short- and long-range functions of Goosecoid in zebrafish axis formation are independent of Chordin, Noggin 1 and Follistatin-like 1b. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Doniach, Basic FGF as an inducer of anteroposterior neural pattern. 1995, Pubmed
Dorey, FGF signalling: diverse roles during early vertebrate embryogenesis. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dorsky, A transgenic Lef1/beta-catenin-dependent reporter is expressed in spatially restricted domains throughout zebrafish development. 2002, Pubmed
Dorsky, Two tcf3 genes cooperate to pattern the zebrafish brain. 2003, Pubmed
Draper, Zebrafish fgf24 functions with fgf8 to promote posterior mesodermal development. 2003, Pubmed
Dubrulle, Response to Nodal morphogen gradient is determined by the kinetics of target gene induction. 2015, Pubmed
Durston, Retinoic acid causes an anteroposterior transformation in the developing central nervous system. 1989, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dutko, SnapShot: BMP signaling in development. 2011, Pubmed
Dyer, A bi-modal function of Wnt signalling directs an FGF activity gradient to spatially regulate neuronal differentiation in the midbrain. 2014, Pubmed
Eivers, Integrating positional information at the level of Smad1/5/8. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Erter, Wnt8 is required in lateral mesendodermal precursors for neural posteriorization in vivo. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Erter, Zebrafish nodal-related 2 encodes an early mesendodermal inducer signaling from the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer. 1998, Pubmed
Fainsod, The dorsalizing and neural inducing gene follistatin is an antagonist of BMP-4. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fauny, The entire zebrafish blastula-gastrula margin acts as an organizer dependent on the ratio of Nodal to BMP activity. 2009, Pubmed
Faure, Endogenous patterns of TGFbeta superfamily signaling during early Xenopus development. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fekany-Lee, The homeobox gene bozozok promotes anterior neuroectoderm formation in zebrafish through negative regulation of BMP2/4 and Wnt pathways. 2000, Pubmed
Feldman, Zebrafish organizer development and germ-layer formation require nodal-related signals. 1998, Pubmed
Feldman, Lefty antagonism of Squint is essential for normal gastrulation. 2002, Pubmed
Feng, Specificity and versatility in tgf-beta signaling through Smads. 2005, Pubmed
Fisher, Loss of cerebum function ventralizes the zebrafish embryo. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fisher, Patterning the zebrafish axial skeleton requires early chordin function. 1999, Pubmed
Flores, Osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 is a maternal determinant of dorsoventral patterning in zebrafish. 2008, Pubmed
Fuentealba, Integrating patterning signals: Wnt/GSK3 regulates the duration of the BMP/Smad1 signal. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fürthauer, sprouty4 acts in vivo as a feedback-induced antagonist of FGF signaling in zebrafish. 2001, Pubmed
Fürthauer, Fgf signalling controls the dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo. 2004, Pubmed
Fürthauer, A role for FGF-8 in the dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish gastrula. 1997, Pubmed
Gamse, Vertebrate anteroposterior patterning: the Xenopus neurectoderm as a paradigm. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gaspar, Strength in numbers: quantitative single-molecule RNA detection assays. 2015, Pubmed
Gawantka, Gene expression screening in Xenopus identifies molecular pathways, predicts gene function and provides a global view of embryonic patterning. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Genikhovich, Axis Patterning by BMPs: Cnidarian Network Reveals Evolutionary Constraints. 2015, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gilardelli, Functional and hierarchical interactions among zebrafish vox/vent homeobox genes. 2004, Pubmed
Glinka, Dickkopf-1 is a member of a new family of secreted proteins and functions in head induction. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gonzalez, Head and trunk in zebrafish arise via coinhibition of BMP signaling by bozozok and chordino. 2000, Pubmed
Graff, Studies with a Xenopus BMP receptor suggest that ventral mesoderm-inducing signals override dorsal signals in vivo. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Grandel, Retinoic acid signalling in the zebrafish embryo is necessary during pre-segmentation stages to pattern the anterior-posterior axis of the CNS and to induce a pectoral fin bud. 2002, Pubmed
Green, Responses of embryonic Xenopus cells to activin and FGF are separated by multiple dose thresholds and correspond to distinct axes of the mesoderm. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Green, Vertebrate nervous system posteriorization: Grading the function of Wnt signaling. 2015, Pubmed
Griffin, Interplay between FGF, one-eyed pinhead, and T-box transcription factors during zebrafish posterior development. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Grinblat, Determination of the zebrafish forebrain: induction and patterning. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gritsman, The EGF-CFC protein one-eyed pinhead is essential for nodal signaling. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gritsman, Nodal signaling patterns the organizer. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gross-Thebing, Simultaneous high-resolution detection of multiple transcripts combined with localization of proteins in whole-mount embryos. 2014, Pubmed
Grotewold, Bambi is coexpressed with Bmp-4 during mouse embryogenesis. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hammerschmidt, dino and mercedes, two genes regulating dorsal development in the zebrafish embryo. 1996, Pubmed
Hammerschmidt, Genetic analysis of dorsoventral pattern formation in the zebrafish: requirement of a BMP-like ventralizing activity and its dorsal repressor. 1996, Pubmed
Harland, Formation and function of Spemann's organizer. 1997, Pubmed
Harvey, Visualisation and quantification of morphogen gradient formation in the zebrafish. 2009, Pubmed
Hashiguchi, Anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning are coordinated by an identical patterning clock. 2013, Pubmed , Xenbase
Heasman, Beta-catenin signaling activity dissected in the early Xenopus embryo: a novel antisense approach. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Heisenberg, Back and forth between cell fate specification and movement during vertebrate gastrulation. 2008, Pubmed
Hemmati-Brivanlou, Ventral mesodermal patterning in Xenopus embryos: expression patterns and activities of BMP-2 and BMP-4. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hernandez, Cyp26 enzymes generate the retinoic acid response pattern necessary for hindbrain development. 2007, Pubmed
Hikasa, Regulation of TCF3 by Wnt-dependent phosphorylation during vertebrate axis specification. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hikasa, Wnt signaling in vertebrate axis specification. 2013, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hild, The smad5 mutation somitabun blocks Bmp2b signaling during early dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo. 1999, Pubmed
Houart, Establishment of the telencephalon during gastrulation by local antagonism of Wnt signaling. 2002, Pubmed
Hwang, Efficient genome editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-Cas system. 2013, Pubmed
Ikeya, Cv2, functioning as a pro-BMP factor via twisted gastrulation, is required for early development of nephron precursors. 2010, Pubmed
Imai, The homeobox genes vox and vent are redundant repressors of dorsal fates in zebrafish. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Inomata, Scaling of dorsal-ventral patterning by embryo size-dependent degradation of Spemann's organizer signals. 2013, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, eFGF regulates Xbra expression during Xenopus gastrulation. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Itoh, Axis determination in Xenopus involves biochemical interactions of axin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and beta-catenin. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Itoh, Graded amounts of Xenopus dishevelled specify discrete anteroposterior cell fates in prospective ectoderm. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Jones, Nodal-related signals induce axial mesoderm and dorsalize mesoderm during gastrulation. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Joseph, Xnr4: a Xenopus nodal-related gene expressed in the Spemann organizer. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kamato, Transforming growth factor-β signalling: role and consequences of Smad linker region phosphorylation. 2013, Pubmed
Kawahara, Antagonistic role of vega1 and bozozok/dharma homeobox genes in organizer formation. 2000, Pubmed
Kelly, Maternally controlled (beta)-catenin-mediated signaling is required for organizer formation in the zebrafish. 2000, Pubmed
Kemp, Generating chimeric zebrafish embryos by transplantation. 2009, Pubmed
Kengaku, bFGF as a possible morphogen for the anteroposterior axis of the central nervous system in Xenopus. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Khokha, Depletion of three BMP antagonists from Spemann's organizer leads to a catastrophic loss of dorsal structures. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kiecker, A morphogen gradient of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling regulates anteroposterior neural patterning in Xenopus. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kim, Repressor activity of Headless/Tcf3 is essential for vertebrate head formation. 2000, Pubmed
Kimelman, Anterior-posterior patterning in early development: three strategies. 2012, Pubmed
Kimelman, Vertebrate mesendoderm induction and patterning. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kimmel, Origin and organization of the zebrafish fate map. 1990, Pubmed
Knecht, Mechanisms of dorsal-ventral patterning in noggin-induced neural tissue. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Knoetgen, Head induction in the chick by primitive endoderm of mammalian, but not avian origin. 1999, Pubmed
Korchynskyi, Identification and functional characterization of distinct critically important bone morphogenetic protein-specific response elements in the Id1 promoter. 2002, Pubmed
Korinek, Constitutive transcriptional activation by a beta-catenin-Tcf complex in APC-/- colon carcinoma. 1997, Pubmed
Kramer, Maternally supplied Smad5 is required for ventral specification in zebrafish embryos prior to zygotic Bmp signaling. 2002, Pubmed
Kudoh, Combinatorial Fgf and Bmp signalling patterns the gastrula ectoderm into prospective neural and epidermal domains. 2004, Pubmed
Kudoh, Distinct roles for Fgf, Wnt and retinoic acid in posteriorizing the neural ectoderm. 2002, Pubmed
Kumano, Revisions to the Xenopus gastrula fate map: implications for mesoderm induction and patterning. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kuroda, Default neural induction: neuralization of dissociated Xenopus cells is mediated by Ras/MAPK activation. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kwon, Identification of early requirements for preplacodal ectoderm and sensory organ development. 2010, Pubmed
Labalette, Hindbrain patterning requires fine-tuning of early krox20 transcription by Sprouty 4. 2011, Pubmed
Lamb, Fibroblast growth factor is a direct neural inducer, which combined with noggin generates anterior-posterior neural pattern. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lane, Rethinking axial patterning in amphibians. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lane, The origins of primitive blood in Xenopus: implications for axial patterning. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lane, Designation of the anterior/posterior axis in pregastrula Xenopus laevis. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Langdon, Maternal and zygotic control of zebrafish dorsoventral axial patterning. 2011, Pubmed
Larraín, Proteolytic cleavage of Chordin as a switch for the dual activities of Twisted gastrulation in BMP signaling. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lee, Enzymatic regulation of pattern: BMP4 binds CUB domains of Tolloids and inhibits proteinase activity. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lee, Embryonic dorsal-ventral signaling: secreted frizzled-related proteins as inhibitors of tolloid proteinases. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lekven, Zebrafish wnt8 encodes two wnt8 proteins on a bicistronic transcript and is required for mesoderm and neurectoderm patterning. 2001, Pubmed
Leung, bozozok directly represses bmp2b transcription and mediates the earliest dorsoventral asymmetry of bmp2b expression in zebrafish. 2003, Pubmed
Leyns, Frzb-1 is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling expressed in the Spemann organizer. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Li, Expression of two zebrafish orthodenticle-related genes in the embryonic brain. 1994, Pubmed
Linville, Combinatorial roles for zebrafish retinoic acid receptors in the hindbrain, limbs and pharyngeal arches. 2009, Pubmed
Little, Extracellular modulation of BMP activity in patterning the dorsoventral axis. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Little, Bone morphogenetic protein heterodimers assemble heteromeric type I receptor complexes to pattern the dorsoventral axis. 2009, Pubmed
Little, Twisted gastrulation promotes BMP signaling in zebrafish dorsal-ventral axial patterning. 2004, Pubmed
Maegawa, FGF signaling is required for {beta}-catenin-mediated induction of the zebrafish organizer. 2006, Pubmed
Mali, Cas9 as a versatile tool for engineering biology. 2013, Pubmed
Marchal, BMP inhibition initiates neural induction via FGF signaling and Zic genes. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Marom, Temporal analysis of the early BMP functions identifies distinct anti-organizer and mesoderm patterning phases. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Mason, Sprouty proteins: multifaceted negative-feedback regulators of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. 2006, Pubmed
Mathieu, Nodal and Fgf pathways interact through a positive regulatory loop and synergize to maintain mesodermal cell populations. 2004, Pubmed
Matsuzaki, Smad phospho-isoforms direct context-dependent TGF-β signaling. 2013, Pubmed
Maves, Dynamic and sequential patterning of the zebrafish posterior hindbrain by retinoic acid. 2005, Pubmed
McGrew, Wnt and FGF pathways cooperatively pattern anteroposterior neural ectoderm in Xenopus. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
McGrew, Specification of the anteroposterior neural axis through synergistic interaction of the Wnt signaling cascade with noggin and follistatin. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Meinhardt, Models for the generation and interpretation of gradients. 2009, Pubmed
Meinhardt, Pattern formation by local self-activation and lateral inhibition. 2000, Pubmed
Melby, Regulation of dorsal gene expression in Xenopus by the ventralizing homeodomain gene Vox. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Melby, Patterning the early zebrafish by the opposing actions of bozozok and vox/vent. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Meno, Mouse Lefty2 and zebrafish antivin are feedback inhibitors of nodal signaling during vertebrate gastrulation. 1999, Pubmed
Miller-Bertoglio, Differential regulation of chordin expression domains in mutant zebrafish. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Mintzer, Lost-a-fin encodes a type I BMP receptor, Alk8, acting maternally and zygotically in dorsoventral pattern formation. 2001, Pubmed
Molina, Generation of FGF reporter transgenic zebrafish and their utility in chemical screens. 2007, Pubmed
Monteiro, Spatio-temporal activation of Smad1 and Smad5 in vivo: monitoring transcriptional activity of Smad proteins. 2004, Pubmed
Moon, From cortical rotation to organizer gene expression: toward a molecular explanation of axis specification in Xenopus. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Müller, Differential diffusivity of Nodal and Lefty underlies a reaction-diffusion patterning system. 2012, Pubmed
Muraoka, Sizzled controls dorso-ventral polarity by repressing cleavage of the Chordin protein. 2006, Pubmed
Myers, Bmp activity gradient regulates convergent extension during zebrafish gastrulation. 2002, Pubmed
Nguyen, Dorsal and intermediate neuronal cell types of the spinal cord are established by a BMP signaling pathway. 2000, Pubmed
Nguyen, Ventral and lateral regions of the zebrafish gastrula, including the neural crest progenitors, are established by a bmp2b/swirl pathway of genes. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nikaido, In vivo analysis using variants of zebrafish BMPR-IA: range of action and involvement of BMP in ectoderm patterning. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nordström, Progressive induction of caudal neural character by graded Wnt signaling. 2002, Pubmed
O'Connor, Functional genomics in zebrafish permits rapid characterization of novel platelet membrane proteins. 2009, Pubmed
Oelgeschläger, The pro-BMP activity of Twisted gastrulation is independent of BMP binding. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Oelgeschläger, The evolutionarily conserved BMP-binding protein Twisted gastrulation promotes BMP signalling. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Onichtchouk, Silencing of TGF-beta signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Onichtchouk, Requirement for Xvent-1 and Xvent-2 gene function in dorsoventral patterning of Xenopus mesoderm. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Pera, Integration of IGF, FGF, and anti-BMP signals via Smad1 phosphorylation in neural induction. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Persson, The L45 loop in type I receptors for TGF-beta family members is a critical determinant in specifying Smad isoform activation. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Perz-Edwards, Retinoic acid-mediated gene expression in transgenic reporter zebrafish. 2001, Pubmed
Piccolo, Cleavage of Chordin by Xolloid metalloprotease suggests a role for proteolytic processing in the regulation of Spemann organizer activity. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Piccolo, Dorsoventral patterning in Xenopus: inhibition of ventral signals by direct binding of chordin to BMP-4. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Placinta, A laser pointer driven microheater for precise local heating and conditional gene regulation in vivo. Microheater driven gene regulation in zebrafish. 2009, Pubmed
Plouhinec, Chordin forms a self-organizing morphogen gradient in the extracellular space between ectoderm and mesoderm in the Xenopus embryo. 2013, Pubmed , Xenbase
Port, Wnt trafficking: new insights into Wnt maturation, secretion and spreading. 2010, Pubmed
Pownall, NULL 2010, Pubmed
Pyati, Transgenic zebrafish reveal stage-specific roles for Bmp signaling in ventral and posterior mesoderm development. 2005, Pubmed
Ramel, Repression of the vertebrate organizer by Wnt8 is mediated by Vent and Vox. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ramel, WNT8 and BMP2B co-regulate non-axial mesoderm patterning during zebrafish gastrulation. 2005, Pubmed
Ramel, The ventral to dorsal BMP activity gradient in the early zebrafish embryo is determined by graded expression of BMP ligands. 2013, Pubmed
Rebagliati, cyclops encodes a nodal-related factor involved in midline signaling. 1998, Pubmed
Reichert, A BMP regulatory network controls ectodermal cell fate decisions at the neural plate border. 2013, Pubmed
Reifers, Fgf8 is mutated in zebrafish acerebellar (ace) mutants and is required for maintenance of midbrain-hindbrain boundary development and somitogenesis. 1998, Pubmed
Rentzsch, Crossveinless 2 is an essential positive feedback regulator of Bmp signaling during zebrafish gastrulation. 2006, Pubmed
Reversade, Regulation of ADMP and BMP2/4/7 at opposite embryonic poles generates a self-regulating morphogenetic field. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Rhinn, Retinoic acid signalling during development. 2012, Pubmed
Rhinn, Positioning of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary organizer through global posteriorization of the neuroectoderm mediated by Wnt8 signaling. 2005, Pubmed
Rogers, Morphogen gradients: from generation to interpretation. 2011, Pubmed
Ross, Twisted gastrulation is a conserved extracellular BMP antagonist. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Row, Bmp inhibition is necessary for post-gastrulation patterning and morphogenesis of the zebrafish tailbud. 2009, Pubmed
Rowan, Axial mesendoderm refines rostrocaudal pattern in the chick nervous system. 1999, Pubmed
Sapkota, Balancing BMP signaling through integrated inputs into the Smad1 linker. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schier, Nodal signalling in vertebrate development. 2000, Pubmed
Schier, Nodal signaling in vertebrate development. 2003, Pubmed
Schier, Nodal morphogens. 2009, Pubmed
Schier, Axis formation and patterning in zebrafish. 2001, Pubmed
Schier, Molecular genetics of axis formation in zebrafish. 2005, Pubmed
Schilling, Anterior-posterior patterning and segmentation of the vertebrate head. 2008, Pubmed
Schmid, Equivalent genetic roles for bmp7/snailhouse and bmp2b/swirl in dorsoventral pattern formation. 2000, Pubmed
Schmierer, TGFbeta-SMAD signal transduction: molecular specificity and functional flexibility. 2007, Pubmed
Schohl, Beta-catenin, MAPK and Smad signaling during early Xenopus development. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Scholpp, Endocytosis controls spreading and effective signaling range of Fgf8 protein. 2004, Pubmed
Schroeder, Xenopus poly (A) binding protein maternal RNA is localized during oogenesis and associated with large complexes in blastula. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schulte-Merker, The zebrafish organizer requires chordino. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schumacher, An intermediate level of BMP signaling directly specifies cranial neural crest progenitor cells in zebrafish. 2011, Pubmed
Scott, Homologues of Twisted gastrulation are extracellular cofactors in antagonism of BMP signalling. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Shi, Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. 2003, Pubmed
Shimizu, A novel repressor-type homeobox gene, ved, is involved in dharma/bozozok-mediated dorsal organizer formation in zebrafish. 2002, Pubmed
Shimizu, Interaction of Wnt and caudal-related genes in zebrafish posterior body formation. 2005, Pubmed
Shimizu, Visualization and exploration of Tcf/Lef function using a highly responsive Wnt/β-catenin signaling-reporter transgenic zebrafish. 2012, Pubmed
Shimozono, Visualization of an endogenous retinoic acid gradient across embryonic development. 2013, Pubmed
Shoji, Application of heat shock promoter in transgenic zebrafish. 2008, Pubmed
Simeone, A vertebrate gene related to orthodenticle contains a homeodomain of the bicoid class and demarcates anterior neuroectoderm in the gastrulating mouse embryo. 1993, Pubmed
Sirbu, Shifting boundaries of retinoic acid activity control hindbrain segmental gene expression. 2005, Pubmed
Sirotkin, bozozok and squint act in parallel to specify dorsal mesoderm and anterior neuroectoderm in zebrafish. 2000, Pubmed
Smith, A nodal-related gene defines a physical and functional domain within the Spemann organizer. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Solnica-Krezel, The role of the homeodomain protein Bozozok in zebrafish axis formation. 2001, Pubmed
Solnica-Krezel, Conserved patterns of cell movements during vertebrate gastrulation. 2005, Pubmed
Stanganello, Filopodia-based Wnt transport during vertebrate tissue patterning. 2015, Pubmed
Stern, Head-tail patterning of the vertebrate embryo: one, two or many unresolved problems? 2006, Pubmed
Sun, Extraembryonic signals under the control of MGA, Max, and Smad4 are required for dorsoventral patterning. 2014, Pubmed
Tao, Maternal wnt11 activates the canonical wnt signaling pathway required for axis formation in Xenopus embryos. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Thisse, Antivin, a novel and divergent member of the TGFbeta superfamily, negatively regulates mesoderm induction. 1999, Pubmed
Thisse, Activin- and Nodal-related factors control antero-posterior patterning of the zebrafish embryo. 2000, Pubmed
Thomas, Anterior primitive endoderm may be responsible for patterning the anterior neural plate in the mouse embryo. 1996, Pubmed
Toyama, Nodal induces ectopic goosecoid and lim1 expression and axis duplication in zebrafish. 1995, Pubmed
Trindade, DNA-binding specificity and embryological function of Xom (Xvent-2). 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tsang, Zebrafish nma is involved in TGFbeta family signaling. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tucker, Tail bud determination in the vertebrate embryo. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tucker, The BMP signaling gradient patterns dorsoventral tissues in a temporally progressive manner along the anteroposterior axis. 2008, Pubmed
von der Hardt, The Bmp gradient of the zebrafish gastrula guides migrating lateral cells by regulating cell-cell adhesion. 2007, Pubmed
Wawersik, Conditional BMP inhibition in Xenopus reveals stage-specific roles for BMPs in neural and neural crest induction. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
White, Complex regulation of cyp26a1 creates a robust retinoic acid gradient in the zebrafish embryo. 2007, Pubmed
White, How degrading: Cyp26s in hindbrain development. 2008, Pubmed
Wilson, Concentration-dependent patterning of the Xenopus ectoderm by BMP4 and its signal transducer Smad1. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wolpert, Positional information and the spatial pattern of cellular differentiation. 1969, Pubmed
Woo, Specification of the zebrafish nervous system by nonaxial signals. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Xie, Twisted gastrulation enhances BMP signaling through chordin dependent and independent mechanisms. 2005, Pubmed
Xue, Organizer-derived Bmp2 is required for the formation of a correct Bmp activity gradient during embryonic development. 2014, Pubmed
Yabe, Ogon/Secreted Frizzled functions as a negative feedback regulator of Bmp signaling. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Yamaguchi, Marked Alteration at Midblastula Transition in the Effect of Lithium on Formation of the Larval Body Pattern of Xenopus laevis: (midblastula transition/LiCl/pattern formation/half-egg fragment/Xenopus laevis). 1989, Pubmed , Xenbase
Yamaguchi, Heads or tails: Wnts and anterior-posterior patterning. 2001, Pubmed
Yu, Fgf8 morphogen gradient forms by a source-sink mechanism with freely diffusing molecules. 2009, Pubmed
Zhu, A SMAD ubiquitin ligase targets the BMP pathway and affects embryonic pattern formation. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zimmerman, The Spemann organizer signal noggin binds and inactivates bone morphogenetic protein 4. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase