Cuykendall TN , Houston DW .

5R01 GM083999-02 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM083999-04 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM083999-03 NIGMS NIH HHS , R01 GM083999 NIGMS NIH HHS

	Figure 2. Expression of non-germ plasm localized RNAs. In situ hybridizations for each mRNA, each set of four columns shows stage VI oocytes (left panel), stage 11 embryos (second panel), stage 18 embryos (third panel), and stage 30 embryos (right hand panel). Oocytes and stage 11 embryos are vegetal views; stage 18 embryos are dorsal views, anterior to the left; and stage 30 embryos are lateral views, anterior to the left.
	Figure 3. Expression and germ plasm localization of rtn3.1. In situ hybridization against rtn3.1. A: Stage VI oocyte, vegetal view. B: Two-cell embryo, vegetal view. C: Stage 10, vegetal view. The arrows in A-C indicate rtn3.1 expression in germ plasm. D: Stage 18, anterior view, showing ubiquitous expression and enrichment in the neural plate. E: Stage 24, lateral view, showing enrichment of rtn3.1 in the eye (ey) and branchial arches (ba).
	Figure 4. Expression and germ plasm localization of gptl1. In situ hybridization against gptl1. A: Early stage oocytes (stage I-II, left panel; stage III-IV, right panel). Roman numerals indicate oocyte stages; mc, mitochondrial cloud. B: Stage VI oocyte, vegetal view. C: Four-cell embryo, vegetal view. D: Stage 10.5, vegetal view. E: Stage 30 embryo, cleared in Murray's clear, showing expression in branchial arches and intersomitic boundaries and the absence of staining in primordial germ cells (PGCs). Inset: in situ for xpat showing positive PGC staining in a cleared embryo.
	Figure 6. Expression and germ plasm localization of exd2. In situ hybridization against exd2. A: High magnification view of stage I oocytes; mc, mitochondrial cloud. B: Stage IV (left) and stage VI (right) oocytes, vegetal views. C: Four-cell embryos, vegetal view. D: Stage 18, showing lack of expression. E: Stage 7 sagittal section. F: Stage 11 sagittal section. Insets show low power views in E, F. G: Section of adult testis, exd2 antisense probe. H: Sense control on testis.
	unnamed (hypothetical protein MGC81075) gene expression in Xenopus laevis oocyte, assayed via in situ hybridization, oocyte stage VI, vegetal view.
	pes1 (pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis oocyte, assayed via in situ hybridization, oocyte stages III and IV, vegetal view.
	rtn3 (reticulon 3 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis oocyte, assayed via in situ hybridization, oocyte stages VI, vegetal view.
	rtn3 (reticulon 3 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization,NF stage 24, lateral view, dorsal up, anterior left.
	arl8b (ADP-ribosylation factor-like 8B) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization,NF stage 30, lateral view, dorsal up, anterior left.
	cab39 (calcium binding protein 39) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization,NF stage 30, lateral view, dorsal up, anterior left.
	zfand3 (zinc finger, AN1-type domain 3) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization,NF stage 30, lateral view, dorsal up, anterior left.
	midn (midnolin) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization,NF stage 30, lateral view, dorsal up, anterior left.
	pced1a (PC-esterase domain containing 1A) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization,NF stage 30, lateral view, dorsal up, anterior left.
	triobp (TRIO and F-actin binding protein) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization,NF stage 30, lateral view, dorsal up, anterior left.
	exd2 (exonuclease 3'-5' domain containing 2) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 3, vegetal view.

Andken, 3'-UTR SIRF: a database for identifying clusters of whort interspersed repeats in 3' untranslated regions. 2007, Pubmed, Xenbase

Andken, 3'-UTR SIRF: a database for identifying clusters of whort interspersed repeats in 3' untranslated regions. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Beams, The problem of germ cell determinants. 1974, Pubmed , Xenbase
Berekelya, Xenopus Germes encodes a novel germ plasm-associated transcript. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Betley, A ubiquitous and conserved signal for RNA localization in chordates. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Carpenter, A gradient of poly(A)+ RNA sequences in Xenopus laevis eggs and embryos. 1982, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chan, The vegetally localized mRNA fatvg is associated with the germ plasm in the early embryo and is later expressed in the fat body. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chan, The maternally localized RNA fatvg is required for cortical rotation and germ cell formation. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chang, Localization of RNAs to the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus oocytes through entrapment and association with endoplasmic reticulum. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chuma, Tdrd1/Mtr-1, a tudor-related gene, is essential for male germ-cell differentiation and nuage/germinal granule formation in mice. 2006, Pubmed
Claussen, Xvelo1 uses a novel 75-nucleotide signal sequence that drives vegetal localization along the late pathway in Xenopus oocytes. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cuykendall, Vegetally localized Xenopus trim36 regulates cortical rotation and dorsal axis formation. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Eddy, Germ plasm and the differentiation of the germ cell line. 1975, Pubmed , Xenbase
Elinson, Isolated vegetal cortex from Xenopus oocytes selectively retains localized mRNAs. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Forristall, Patterns of localization and cytoskeletal association of two vegetally localized RNAs, Vg1 and Xcat-2. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hanyu-Nakamura, Drosophila Pgc protein inhibits P-TEFb recruitment to chromatin in primordial germ cells. 2008, Pubmed
Hayes, Identification of novel ciliogenesis factors using a new in vivo model for mucociliary epithelial development. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Heasman, Fertilization of cultured Xenopus oocytes and use in studies of maternally inherited molecules. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Heasman, The mitochondrial cloud of Xenopus oocytes: the source of germinal granule material. 1984, Pubmed , Xenbase
Horvay, Xenopus Dead end mRNA is a localized maternal determinant that serves a conserved function in germ cell development. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Houston, A critical role for Xdazl, a germ plasm-localized RNA, in the differentiation of primordial germ cells in Xenopus. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Houston, Germ plasm and molecular determinants of germ cell fate. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Houston, Maternal Xenopus Zic2 negatively regulates Nodal-related gene expression during anteroposterior patterning. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Houston, A Xenopus DAZ-like gene encodes an RNA component of germ plasm and is a functional homologue of Drosophila boule. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Houwing, A role for Piwi and piRNAs in germ cell maintenance and transposon silencing in Zebrafish. 2007, Pubmed
Hudson, Xpat, a gene expressed specifically in germ plasm and primordial germ cells of Xenopus laevis. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hudson, Identification of new localized RNAs in the Xenopus oocyte by differential display PCR. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kaneshiro, The mRNA coding for Xenopus glutamate receptor interacting protein 2 (XGRIP2) is maternally transcribed, transported through the late pathway and localized to the germ plasm. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kataoka, Identification of asymmetrically localized transcripts along the animal-vegetal axis of the Xenopus egg. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kerr, Maternal Tgif1 regulates nodal gene expression in Xenopus. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ketting, Mut-7 of C. elegans, required for transposon silencing and RNA interference, is a homolog of Werner syndrome helicase and RNaseD. 1999, Pubmed
King, Putting RNAs in the right place at the right time: RNA localization in the frog oocyte. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kloc, Contribution of METRO pathway localized molecules to the organization of the germ cell lineage. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kloc, Translocation of repetitive RNA sequences with the germ plasm in Xenopus oocytes. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kloc, Centroid, a novel putative DEAD-box RNA helicase maternal mRNA, is localized in the mitochondrial cloud in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Köprunner, A zebrafish nanos-related gene is essential for the development of primordial germ cells. 2001, Pubmed
Ku, Xwnt-11: a maternally expressed Xenopus wnt gene. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lau, Systematic and single cell analysis of Xenopus Piwi-interacting RNAs and Xiwi. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
MacArthur, DEADSouth is a germ plasm specific DEAD-box RNA helicase in Xenopus related to eIF4A. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Mosquera, A mRNA localized to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes encodes a protein with a nanos-like zinc finger domain. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nakamura, Requirement for a noncoding RNA in Drosophila polar granules for germ cell establishment. 1996, Pubmed
Nieuwkoop, Embryological evidence for a possible polyphyletic origin of the recent amphibians. 1976, Pubmed , Xenbase
Pannese, Xotx1 maternal transcripts are vegetally localized in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Park, Identification and expression of XRTN2 and XRTN3 during Xenopus development. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Rebagliati, Identification and cloning of localized maternal RNAs from Xenopus eggs. 1985, Pubmed , Xenbase
Richard-Parpaillon, The IGF pathway regulates head formation by inhibiting Wnt signaling in Xenopus. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Seydoux, Pathway to totipotency: lessons from germ cells. 2006, Pubmed
Tanaka, The mouse homolog of Drosophila Vasa is required for the development of male germ cells. 2000, Pubmed
Tao, Maternal wnt11 activates the canonical wnt signaling pathway required for axis formation in Xenopus embryos. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tarbashevich, XGRIP2.1 is encoded by a vegetally localizing, maternal mRNA and functions in germ cell development and anteroposterior PGC positioning in Xenopus laevis. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Weeks, A maternal mRNA localized to the vegetal hemisphere in Xenopus eggs codes for a growth factor related to TGF-beta. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Weidinger, dead end, a novel vertebrate germ plasm component, is required for zebrafish primordial germ cell migration and survival. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wessely, The Xenopus homologue of Bicaudal-C is a localized maternal mRNA that can induce endoderm formation. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Whitington, Quantitative studies of germ plasm and germ cells during early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. 1975, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wilczynska, Two Piwi proteins, Xiwi and Xili, are expressed in the Xenopus female germline. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wylie, Germ cells. 1999, Pubmed
Zearfoss, Hermes is a localized factor regulating cleavage of vegetal blastomeres in Xenopus laevis. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, Xenopus VegT RNA is localized to the vegetal cortex during oogenesis and encodes a novel T-box transcription factor involved in mesodermal patterning. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhou, Polarized distribution of mRNAs encoding a putative LDL receptor adaptor protein, xARH (autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia) in Xenopus oocytes. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase