Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Mol Biol Cell
2002 May 01;135:1665-76. doi: 10.1091/mbc.01-12-0567.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Symplekin, a constitutive protein of karyo- and cytoplasmic particles involved in mRNA biogenesis in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
Hofmann I
,
Schnölzer M
,
Kaufmann I
,
Franke WW
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Symplekin is a dual location protein that has been localized to the cytoplasmic plaques of tight junctions but also occurs in the form of interchromatin particles in the karyoplasm. Here we report the identification of two novel and major symplekin-containing protein complexes in both the karyo- and the cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Buffer-extractable fractions from the karyoplasm of stage IV-VI oocytes contain an 11S particle, prepared by immunoselection and sucrose gradient centrifugation, in which symplekin is associated with the subunits of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF). Moreover, in immunofluorescence microscopy nuclear symplekin colocalizes with protein CPSF-100 in the "Cajal bodies." However, symplekin is also found in cytoplasmic extracts of enucleated oocytes and egg extracts, where it occurs in 11S as well as in ca. 65S particles, again in association with CPSF-100. This suggests that, in X. laevis oocytes, symplekin is possibly involved in both processes, 3'-end processing of pre-mRNA in the nucleus and regulated polyadenylation in the cytoplasm. We discuss the possible occurrence of similar symplekin-containing particles involved in mRNA metabolism in the nucleus and cytoplasm of other kinds of cells, also in comparison with the nuclear forms of other dual location proteins in nuclei and cell junctions.
Ankenbauer,
Identification of a widespread nuclear actin binding protein.
1989, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Ankenbauer,
Identification of a widespread nuclear actin binding protein.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Balda,
The tight junction protein ZO-1 and an interacting transcription factor regulate ErbB-2 expression.
2000,
Pubmed
Behrens,
Control of beta-catenin signaling in tumor development.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Behrens,
Functional interaction of beta-catenin with the transcription factor LEF-1.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bienroth,
Purification of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor involved in the 3'-processing of messenger RNA precursors.
1991,
Pubmed
Bienroth,
Assembly of a processive messenger RNA polyadenylation complex.
1993,
Pubmed
Bohmann,
Mutational analysis of p80 coilin indicates a functional interaction between coiled bodies and the nucleolus.
1995,
Pubmed
Bonné,
Plakophilin-3, a novel armadillo-like protein present in nuclei and desmosomes of epithelial cells.
1999,
Pubmed
Bonner,
Protein migration into nuclei. II. Frog oocyte nuclei accumulate a class of microinjected oocyte nuclear proteins and exclude a class of microinjected oocyte cytoplasmic proteins.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bonner,
Protein migration into nuclei. I. Frog oocyte nuclei in vivo accumulate microinjected histones, allow entry to small proteins, and exclude large proteins.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Borrmann,
Molecular diversity of plaques of epithelial-adhering junctions.
2000,
Pubmed
Cordes,
Cytoplasmic annulate lamellae in cultured cells: composition, distribution, and mitotic behavior.
1996,
Pubmed
Cordes,
Intranuclear filaments containing a nuclear pore complex protein.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Daniel,
The catenin p120(ctn) interacts with Kaiso, a novel BTB/POZ domain zinc finger transcription factor.
1999,
Pubmed
de la Cruz,
Unwinding RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DEAD-box proteins and related families.
1999,
Pubmed
De Robertis,
Intracellular migration of nuclear proteins in Xenopus oocytes.
1978,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
de Vries,
Human pre-mRNA cleavage factor II(m) contains homologs of yeast proteins and bridges two other cleavage factors.
2000,
Pubmed
Dickson,
Poly(A) polymerase and the regulation of cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dickson,
The cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor in Xenopus laevis oocytes is a cytoplasmic factor involved in regulated polyadenylation.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dumont,
Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). I. Stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Evans,
Biochemical fractionation of oocytes.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Funayama,
Embryonic axis induction by the armadillo repeat domain of beta-catenin: evidence for intracellular signaling.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gall,
Assembly of the nuclear transcription and processing machinery: Cajal bodies (coiled bodies) and transcriptosomes.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gall,
Cajal bodies: the first 100 years.
2000,
Pubmed
Gottardi,
The junction-associated protein, zonula occludens-1, localizes to the nucleus before the maturation and during the remodeling of cell-cell contacts.
1996,
Pubmed
Hake,
CPEB is a specificity factor that mediates cytoplasmic polyadenylation during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Herrmann,
Expression of intermediate filament proteins during development of Xenopus laevis. I. cDNA clones encoding different forms of vimentin.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hofmann,
Cofactor requirements for nuclear export of Rev response element (RRE)- and constitutive transport element (CTE)-containing retroviral RNAs. An unexpected role for actin.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Huber,
Nuclear localization of beta-catenin by interaction with transcription factor LEF-1.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hübner,
Roles of cytoskeletal and junctional plaque proteins in nuclear signaling.
2001,
Pubmed
Hügle,
Ribocharin: a nuclear Mr 40,000 protein specific to precursor particles of the large ribosomal subunit.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jenny,
Characterization of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor and cloning of its 100-kilodalton subunit.
1994,
Pubmed
Jenny,
Sequence similarity between the 73-kilodalton protein of mammalian CPSF and a subunit of yeast polyadenylation factor I.
1996,
Pubmed
Jensen,
Delayed extraction improves specificity in database searches by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization peptide maps.
1996,
Pubmed
Karnovsky,
Anterior axis duplication in Xenopus induced by the over-expression of the cadherin-binding protein plakoglobin.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Keon,
Symplekin, a novel type of tight junction plaque protein.
1996,
Pubmed
Kim,
Poly(A) binding protein II in Xenopus laevis is expressed in developing brain and pancreas.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kleinschmidt,
High mobility group proteins of amphibian oocytes: a large storage pool of a soluble high mobility group-1-like protein and involvement in transcriptional events.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kleinschmidt,
Soluble acidic complexes containing histones H3 and H4 in nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krauss,
Structural protein 4.1 in the nucleus of human cells: dynamic rearrangements during cell division.
1997,
Pubmed
Krohne,
A major soluble acidic protein located in nuclei of diverse vertebrate species.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krohne,
Immunological identification and localization of the predominant nuclear protein of the amphibian oocyte nucleus.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krohne,
Proteins of pore complex--lamina structures from nuclei and nuclear membranes.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Laemmli,
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
1970,
Pubmed
Lallena,
Functional association of nuclear protein 4.1 with pre-mRNA splicing factors.
1998,
Pubmed
Lee,
Small-scale preparation of extracts from radiolabeled cells efficient in pre-mRNA splicing.
1990,
Pubmed
Macdonald,
Diversity in translational regulation.
2001,
Pubmed
Mandai,
Afadin: A novel actin filament-binding protein with one PDZ domain localized at cadherin-based cell-to-cell adherens junction.
1997,
Pubmed
Mariner,
ARVCF localizes to the nucleus and adherens junction and is mutually exclusive with p120(ctn) in E-cadherin complexes.
2000,
Pubmed
Mendez,
Translational control by CPEB: a means to the end.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mendez,
Phosphorylation of CPEB by Eg2 mediates the recruitment of CPSF into an active cytoplasmic polyadenylation complex.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mertens,
Plakophilins 2a and 2b: constitutive proteins of dual location in the karyoplasm and the desmosomal plaque.
1996,
Pubmed
Mertens,
Nuclear particles containing RNA polymerase III complexes associated with the junctional plaque protein plakophilin 2.
2001,
Pubmed
Molenaar,
XTcf-3 transcription factor mediates beta-catenin-induced axis formation in Xenopus embryos.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Morgan,
RNA polymerase II in Cajal bodies of amphibian oocytes.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murthy,
Characterization of the multisubunit cleavage-polyadenylation specificity factor from calf thymus.
1992,
Pubmed
Nakamura,
huASH1 protein, a putative transcription factor encoded by a human homologue of the Drosophila ash1 gene, localizes to both nuclei and cell-cell tight junctions.
2000,
Pubmed
Peters,
Distinct 19 S and 20 S subcomplexes of the 26 S proteasome and their distribution in the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Peters,
An abundant and ubiquitous homo-oligomeric ring-shaped ATPase particle related to the putative vesicle fusion proteins Sec18p and NSF.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Preker,
A multisubunit 3' end processing factor from yeast containing poly(A) polymerase and homologues of the subunits of mammalian cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor.
1997,
Pubmed
Raabe,
Primary structure and expression of bovine poly(A) polymerase.
1991,
Pubmed
Regula,
Towards a two-dimensional proteome map of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
2000,
Pubmed
Rüegsegger,
Purification and characterization of human cleavage factor Im involved in the 3' end processing of messenger RNA precursors.
1996,
Pubmed
Scalenghe,
Large scale isolation of nuclei and nucleoli from vitellogenic oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
1978,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schmidt,
Plakophilins 1a and 1b: widespread nuclear proteins recruited in specific epithelial cells as desmosomal plaque components.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schmidt,
Plakophilin 3--a novel cell-type-specific desmosomal plaque protein.
1999,
Pubmed
Schmidt-Zachmann,
Molecular characterization of a novel, widespread nuclear protein that colocalizes with spliceosome components.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schmidt-Zachmann,
A constitutive nucleolar protein identified as a member of the nucleoplasmin family.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schneider,
Beta-catenin translocation into nuclei demarcates the dorsalizing centers in frog and fish embryos.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stebbins-Boaz,
Maskin is a CPEB-associated factor that transiently interacts with elF-4E.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stevenson,
The tight junction: morphology to molecules.
1998,
Pubmed
Takagaki,
Complex protein interactions within the human polyadenylation machinery identify a novel component.
2000,
Pubmed
Tuma,
Identification and characterization of a sphere organelle protein.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ueki,
Chromosomal localization to 19q13.3, partial genomic structure and 5' cDNA sequence of the human symplekin gene.
1997,
Pubmed
Wahle,
Isolation and expression of cDNA clones encoding mammalian poly(A) polymerase.
1991,
Pubmed
Wahle,
3'-End processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes.
1999,
Pubmed
Wahle,
A novel poly(A)-binding protein acts as a specificity factor in the second phase of messenger RNA polyadenylation.
1991,
Pubmed
Yost,
The axis-inducing activity, stability, and subcellular distribution of beta-catenin is regulated in Xenopus embryos by glycogen synthase kinase 3.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zhao,
Pta1, a component of yeast CF II, is required for both cleavage and poly(A) addition of mRNA precursor.
1999,
Pubmed
