Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The signaling mechanisms that specify, guide and coordinate cell behavior during embryonic morphogenesis are poorly understood. We report that a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila planar cell polarity gene strabismus (stbm) participates in the regulation of convergent extension, a critical morphogenetic process required for the elongation of dorsal structures in vertebrate embryos. Overexpression of Xstbm, which is expressed broadly in early development and subsequently in the nervous system, causes severely shortened trunk structures; a similar phenotype results from inhibiting Xstbm translation using a morpholino antisense oligo. Experiments with Keller explants further demonstrate that Xstbm can regulate convergent extension in both dorsal mesoderm and neural tissue. The specification of dorsal tissues is not affected. The Xstbm phenotype resembles those obtained with several other molecules with roles in planar polarity signaling, including Dishevelled and Frizzled-7 and -8. Unlike these proteins, however, Stbm has little effect on conventional Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in either frog or fly assays. Thus our results strongly support the emerging hypothesis that a vertebrate analog of the planar polarity pathway governs convergent extension movements.
Adler,
The genetic control of tissue polarity in Drosophila.
1992, Pubmed
Adler,
The genetic control of tissue polarity in Drosophila.
1992,
Pubmed
Adler,
Tissue polarity points from cells that have higher Frizzled levels towards cells that have lower Frizzled levels.
1997,
Pubmed
Boutros,
Dishevelled: at the crossroads of divergent intracellular signaling pathways.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brand,
Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes.
1993,
Pubmed
Brannon,
Activation of Siamois by the Wnt pathway.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Carnac,
The homeobox gene Siamois is a target of the Wnt dorsalisation pathway and triggers organiser activity in the absence of mesoderm.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chae,
The Drosophila tissue polarity gene starry night encodes a member of the protocadherin family.
1999,
Pubmed
Darken,
Axis induction by wnt signaling: Target promoter responsiveness regulates competence.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Deardorff,
Frizzled-8 is expressed in the Spemann organizer and plays a role in early morphogenesis.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Djiane,
Role of frizzled 7 in the regulation of convergent extension movements during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Doniach,
Induction of anteroposterior neural pattern in Xenopus by planar signals.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fan,
Wnt signaling and transcriptional control of Siamois in Xenopus embryos.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Feiguin,
The ankyrin repeat protein Diego mediates Frizzled-dependent planar polarization.
2001,
Pubmed
Gubb,
The balance between isoforms of the prickle LIM domain protein is critical for planar polarity in Drosophila imaginal discs.
1999,
Pubmed
Harland,
In situ hybridization: an improved whole-mount method for Xenopus embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Heasman,
Beta-catenin signaling activity dissected in the early Xenopus embryo: a novel antisense approach.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Heisenberg,
Silberblick/Wnt11 mediates convergent extension movements during zebrafish gastrulation.
2000,
Pubmed
Keller,
Mechanisms of convergence and extension by cell intercalation.
2000,
Pubmed
Keller,
Experimental embryological methods for analysis of neural induction in the amphibian.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Keller,
Regional expression, pattern and timing of convergence and extension during gastrulation of Xenopus laevis.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kibar,
Ltap, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila Strabismus/Van Gogh, is altered in the mouse neural tube mutant Loop-tail.
2001,
Pubmed
Krasnow,
Dishevelled is a component of the frizzled signaling pathway in Drosophila.
1995,
Pubmed
Kühl,
The Wnt/Ca2+ pathway: a new vertebrate Wnt signaling pathway takes shape.
2000,
Pubmed
McKay,
The casein kinase I family: roles in morphogenesis.
2001,
Pubmed
McKendry,
LEF-1/TCF proteins mediate wnt-inducible transcription from the Xenopus nodal-related 3 promoter.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Medina,
Xenopus frizzled 7 can act in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways: implications on early patterning and morphogenesis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mlodzik,
Planar polarity in the Drosophila eye: a multifaceted view of signaling specificity and cross-talk.
1999,
Pubmed
Moon,
Xwnt-5A: a maternal Wnt that affects morphogenetic movements after overexpression in embryos of Xenopus laevis.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nagase,
Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro.
1999,
Pubmed
Sasai,
Xenopus chordin: a novel dorsalizing factor activated by organizer-specific homeobox genes.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shulman,
Frizzled signaling and the developmental control of cell polarity.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
A nodal-related gene defines a physical and functional domain within the Spemann organizer.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Mesoderm-inducing factors and the control of gastrulation.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
SMITH,
Axial elongation in the mouse and its retardation in homozygous looptail mice.
1962,
Pubmed
Sokol,
Analysis of Dishevelled signalling pathways during Xenopus development.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Strutt,
The role of RhoA in tissue polarity and Frizzled signalling.
1997,
Pubmed
Sumanas,
The putative wnt receptor Xenopus frizzled-7 functions upstream of beta-catenin in vertebrate dorsoventral mesoderm patterning.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tada,
Xwnt11 is a target of Xenopus Brachyury: regulation of gastrulation movements via Dishevelled, but not through the canonical Wnt pathway.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Taylor,
Van Gogh: a new Drosophila tissue polarity gene.
1998,
Pubmed
Usui,
Flamingo, a seven-pass transmembrane cadherin, regulates planar cell polarity under the control of Frizzled.
1999,
Pubmed
Vinson,
Directional non-cell autonomy and the transmission of polarity information by the frizzled gene of Drosophila.
,
Pubmed
Wallingford,
Xenopus Dishevelled signaling regulates both neural and mesodermal convergent extension: parallel forces elongating the body axis.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wallingford,
Dishevelled controls cell polarity during Xenopus gastrulation.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wilson,
Concentration-dependent patterning of the Xenopus ectoderm by BMP4 and its signal transducer Smad1.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wolff,
Strabismus, a novel gene that regulates tissue polarity and cell fate decisions in Drosophila.
1998,
Pubmed
