Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Amphibian metamorphosis is marked by dramatic, thyroid hormone (TH)-induced changes involving gene regulation by TH receptor (TR). It has been postulated that TR-mediated gene regulation involves chromatin remodeling. In the absence of ligand, TR can repress gene expression by recruiting a histone deacetylase complex, whereas liganded TR recruits a histone acetylase complex for gene activation. Earlier studies have led us to propose a dual function model for TR during development. In premetamorphic tadpoles, unliganded TR represses transcription involving histone deacetylation. During metamorphosis, endogenous TH allows TR to activate gene expression through histone acetylation. Here using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we directly demonstrate TR binding to TH response genes constitutively in vivo in premetamorphic tadpoles. We further show that TH treatment leads to histone deacetylase release from TH response gene promoters. Interestingly, in whole animals, changes in histone acetylation show little correlation with the expression of TH response genes. On the other hand, in the intestine and tail, where TH response genes are known to be up-regulated more dramatically by TH than in most other organs, we demonstrate that TH treatment induces gene activation and histone H4 acetylation. These data argue for a role of histone acetylation in transcriptional regulation by TRs during amphibian development in some tissues, whereas in others changes in histone acetylation levels may play no or only a minor role, supporting the existence of important alternative mechanisms in gene regulation by TR.
Almouzni,
Histone acetylation influences both gene expression and development of Xenopus laevis.
1994, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Almouzni,
Histone acetylation influences both gene expression and development of Xenopus laevis.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Baniahmad,
Interaction of human thyroid hormone receptor beta with transcription factor TFIIB may mediate target gene derepression and activation by thyroid hormone.
1993,
Pubmed
Chen,
Coactivation and corepression in transcriptional regulation by steroid/nuclear hormone receptors.
1998,
Pubmed
Cheung,
Acetylation and chromosomal functions.
2000,
Pubmed
Collingwood,
Nuclear receptors: coactivators, corepressors and chromatin remodeling in the control of transcription.
1999,
Pubmed
Fondell,
Unliganded thyroid hormone receptor inhibits formation of a functional preinitiation complex: implications for active repression.
1993,
Pubmed
Furlow,
In vitro and in vivo analysis of the regulation of a transcription factor gene by thyroid hormone during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gao,
Distinct functions are implicated for the GATA-4, -5, and -6 transcription factors in the regulation of intestine epithelial cell differentiation.
1998,
Pubmed
Heinzel,
A complex containing N-CoR, mSin3 and histone deacetylase mediates transcriptional repression.
1997,
Pubmed
Hu,
Transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors.
2000,
Pubmed
Ishizuya-Oka,
Temporal and spatial regulation of a putative transcriptional repressor implicates it as playing a role in thyroid hormone-dependent organ transformation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Li,
Modification of Chromatin Structure by the Thyroid Hormone Receptor.
1999,
Pubmed
Machuca,
Analysis of structure and expression of the Xenopus thyroid hormone receptor-beta gene to explain its autoinduction.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mangelsdorf,
The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade.
1995,
Pubmed
McKenna,
Nuclear receptor coregulators: cellular and molecular biology.
1999,
Pubmed
Nagy,
Nuclear receptor repression mediated by a complex containing SMRT, mSin3A, and histone deacetylase.
1997,
Pubmed
Puzianowska-Kuznicka,
Both thyroid hormone and 9-cis retinoic acid receptors are required to efficiently mediate the effects of thyroid hormone on embryonic development and specific gene regulation in Xenopus laevis.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rachez,
Mechanisms of gene regulation by vitamin D(3) receptor: a network of coactivator interactions.
2000,
Pubmed
Ranjan,
Transcriptional repression of Xenopus TR beta gene is mediated by a thyroid hormone response element located near the start site.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shi,
Tadpole competence and tissue-specific temporal regulation of amphibian metamorphosis: roles of thyroid hormone and its receptors.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shi,
Thyroid hormone-dependent regulation of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene during amphibian metamorphosis.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shi,
Biphasic intestinal development in amphibians: embryogenesis and remodeling during metamorphosis.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shi,
Cloning and characterization of the ribosomal protein L8 gene from Xenopus laevis.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shi,
Genomic organization and alternative promoter usage of the two thyroid hormone receptor beta genes in Xenopus laevis.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tata,
Early metamorphic competence of Xenopus larvae.
1968,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tata,
Gene expression during metamorphosis: an ideal model for post-embryonic development.
1993,
Pubmed
Torchia,
Co-activators and co-repressors in the integration of transcriptional responses.
1998,
Pubmed
Vermaak,
Functional analysis of the SIN3-histone deacetylase RPD3-RbAp48-histone H4 connection in the Xenopus oocyte.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wolffe,
Transcriptional control. Sinful repression.
1997,
Pubmed
Wong,
Determinants of chromatin disruption and transcriptional regulation instigated by the thyroid hormone receptor: hormone-regulated chromatin disruption is not sufficient for transcriptional activation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wong,
Distinct requirements for chromatin assembly in transcriptional repression by thyroid hormone receptor and histone deacetylase.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wong,
Structural and functional features of a specific nucleosome containing a recognition element for the thyroid hormone receptor.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wong,
A role for nucleosome assembly in both silencing and activation of the Xenopus TR beta A gene by the thyroid hormone receptor.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wong,
Coordinated regulation of and transcriptional activation by Xenopus thyroid hormone and retinoid X receptors.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wong,
Transcriptional repression by the SMRT-mSin3 corepressor: multiple interactions, multiple mechanisms, and a potential role for TFIIB.
1998,
Pubmed
Xu,
Coactivator and corepressor complexes in nuclear receptor function.
1999,
Pubmed
Yaoita,
Xenopus laevis alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yaoita,
A correlation of thyroid hormone receptor gene expression with amphibian metamorphosis.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yoshida,
Trichostatin A and trapoxin: novel chemical probes for the role of histone acetylation in chromatin structure and function.
1995,
Pubmed
