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S1 mapping of Xenopus laevis ribosomal RNA transcripts, both in oocyte microinjection experiments and in vivo, shows that all but 212 bp of the so-called "non-transcribed" spacer (NTS) of the ribosomal DNA repeat is transcribed as part of the primary ribosomal transcript. The 40S pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) is therefore a processing intermediate. The primary ribosomal transcript co-terminates with the previously described spacer transcripts [Moss], at a site 213 bp upstream of the 40S pre-rRNA initiation site. This mode of transcription suggests a simple mechanism for the recently proposed phenomenon of "readthrough-enhancement", [Moss et al, Moss], where readthrough transcription from an upstream gene may enhance transcription of a gene immediately downstream in the tandem ribosomal repeat.
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