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Nat Genet
2015 Jun 01;476:661-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.3282.
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Mutations in KCNH1 and ATP6V1B2 cause Zimmermann-Laband syndrome.
Kortüm F
,
Caputo V
,
Bauer CK
,
Stella L
,
Ciolfi A
,
Alawi M
,
Bocchinfuso G
,
Flex E
,
Paolacci S
,
Dentici ML
,
Grammatico P
,
Korenke GC
,
Leuzzi V
,
Mowat D
,
Nair LD
,
Nguyen TT
,
Thierry P
,
White SM
,
Dallapiccola B
,
Pizzuti A
,
Campeau PM
,
Tartaglia M
,
Kutsche K
.
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Zimmermann-Laband syndrome (ZLS) is a developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism with gingival enlargement, intellectual disability, hypoplasia or aplasia of nails and terminal phalanges, and hypertrichosis. We report that heterozygous missense mutations in KCNH1 account for a considerable proportion of ZLS. KCNH1 encodes the voltage-gated K(+) channel Eag1 (Kv10.1). Patch-clamp recordings showed strong negative shifts in voltage-dependent activation for all but one KCNH1 channel mutant (Gly469Arg). Coexpression of Gly469Arg with wild-type KCNH1 resulted in heterotetrameric channels with reduced conductance at positive potentials but pronounced conductance at negative potentials. These data support a gain-of-function effect for all ZLS-associated KCNH1 mutants. We also identified a recurrent de novo missense change in ATP6V1B2, encoding the B2 subunit of the multimeric vacuolar H(+) ATPase, in two individuals with ZLS. Structural analysis predicts a perturbing effect of the mutation on complex assembly. Our findings demonstrate that KCNH1 mutations cause ZLS and document genetic heterogeneity for this disorder.
Supplementary Figure 1: Sequence electropherograms of individuals with KCNH1 or ATP6V1B2 mutation.. Sequence electropherograms showing the de novo origin of the identified KCNH1 and ATP6V1B2 missense mutations in subjects 1â8 (upper and lower panels, indicated by red arrows). The heterozygous state of three mutations was documented in peripheral leukocytes, hair bulb and/or buccal cells of subjects 4, 5 and 7, indicating germline origin. An additional previously annotated (ExAC database) heterozygous KCNH1 variant, c.125T>C (p.Ile42Thr), was present in subject 5 and his healthy mother (indicated by blue arrows). By cloning the KCNH1 exon 7âcontaining amplicon of subject 2 followed by sequencing, we determined the haplotypes and found that the two identified de novo changes c.974C>A and c.1066G>C are in cis (wild-type allele and mutated KCNH1 allele in the middle panel; mutated nucleotides are framed).
Supplementary Figure 2: Multiple protein sequence alignments around the KCNH1 and ATP6V1B2 amino acid substitutions from different species.