Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Axin is a recently identified protein encoded by the fused locus in mice that is required for normal vertebrate axis formation. We have defined a 25-amino-acid sequence in axin that comprises the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) interaction domain (GID). In contrast to full-length axin, which has been shown to antagonize Wnt signaling, the GID inhibits GSK-3beta in vivo and activates Wnt signaling. Similarly, mutants of axin lacking key regulatory domains such as the RGS domain, which is required for interaction with the adenomatous polyposis coli protein, bind and inhibit GSK-3beta in vivo, suggesting that these domains are critical for proper regulation of GSK-3beta activity. We have identified a novel self-interaction domain in axin and have shown that formation of an axin regulatory complex in vivo is critical for axis formation and GSK-3beta activity. Based on these data, we propose that the axin complex may directly regulate GSK-3beta enzymatic activity in vivo. These observations also demonstrate that alternative inhibitors of GSK-3beta can mimic the effect of lithium in developing Xenopus embryos.
Behrens,
Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.
1998, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Behrens,
Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cadigan,
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cook,
Wingless inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3 via an intracellular signalling pathway which involves a protein kinase C.
1996,
Pubmed
Dominguez,
Role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta as a negative regulator of dorsoventral axis formation in Xenopus embryos.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Emily-Fenouil,
GSK3beta/shaggy mediates patterning along the animal-vegetal axis of the sea urchin embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fields,
A novel genetic system to detect protein-protein interactions.
1989,
Pubmed
GLUECKSOHN-SCHOENHEIMER,
The effects of a lethal mutation responsible for duplications and twinning in mouse embryos.
1949,
Pubmed
Goyette,
Progression of colorectal cancer is associated with multiple tumor suppressor gene defects but inhibition of tumorigenicity is accomplished by correction of any single defect via chromosome transfer.
1992,
Pubmed
Greenberg,
Hydrofluoric acid-treated tau PHF proteins display the same biochemical properties as normal tau.
1992,
Pubmed
Harper,
The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases.
1993,
Pubmed
Hart,
Downregulation of beta-catenin by human Axin and its association with the APC tumor suppressor, beta-catenin and GSK3 beta.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harwood,
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates cell fate in Dictyostelium.
1995,
Pubmed
He,
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 and dorsoventral patterning in Xenopus embryos.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Heasman,
Patterning the Xenopus blastula.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hedgepeth,
Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway: a molecular mechanism for lithium action.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hedgepeth,
Xenopus axin interacts with glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and is expressed in the anterior midbrain.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hong,
Lithium reduces tau phosphorylation by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3.
1997,
Pubmed
Hoshi,
Regulation of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by tau protein kinase I/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta in brain.
1996,
Pubmed
Hsu,
Identification of a domain of Axin that binds to the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A and a self-binding domain.
1999,
Pubmed
Ikeda,
Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, forms a complex with GSK-3beta and beta-catenin and promotes GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin.
1998,
Pubmed
Itoh,
Specific modulation of ectodermal cell fates in Xenopus embryos by glycogen synthase kinase.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Itoh,
Axis determination in Xenopus involves biochemical interactions of axin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 and beta-catenin.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jacobs-Cohen,
Knobbly, a new dominant mutation in the mouse that affects embryonic ectoderm organization.
1984,
Pubmed
Kao,
Lithium-induced respecification of pattern in Xenopus laevis embryos.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kishida,
Axin, a negative regulator of the wnt signaling pathway, directly interacts with adenomatous polyposis coli and regulates the stabilization of beta-catenin.
1998,
Pubmed
Klein,
A molecular mechanism for the effect of lithium on development.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Larabell,
Establishment of the dorso-ventral axis in Xenopus embryos is presaged by early asymmetries in beta-catenin that are modulated by the Wnt signaling pathway.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Logan,
Nuclear beta-catenin is required to specify vegetal cell fates in the sea urchin embryo.
1999,
Pubmed
Lucas,
WNT-7a induces axonal remodeling and increases synapsin I levels in cerebellar neurons.
1997,
Pubmed
McCrea,
Induction of a secondary body axis in Xenopus by antibodies to beta-catenin.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
McMahon,
Ectopic expression of the proto-oncogene int-1 in Xenopus embryos leads to duplication of the embryonic axis.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Miller,
Signal transduction through beta-catenin and specification of cell fate during embryogenesis.
1996,
Pubmed
Mitchell,
Control of meiotic gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1994,
Pubmed
Muñoz-Montaño,
Lithium inhibits Alzheimer's disease-like tau protein phosphorylation in neurons.
1997,
Pubmed
Otvos,
Monoclonal antibody PHF-1 recognizes tau protein phosphorylated at serine residues 396 and 404.
1994,
Pubmed
Perry,
Phenotypic and molecular analysis of a transgenic insertional allele of the mouse Fused locus.
1995,
Pubmed
Pierce,
Regulation of Spemann organizer formation by the intracellular kinase Xgsk-3.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Plyte,
Glycogen synthase kinase-3: functions in oncogenesis and development.
1992,
Pubmed
Pöpperl,
Misexpression of Cwnt8C in the mouse induces an ectopic embryonic axis and causes a truncation of the anterior neuroectoderm.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rubinfeld,
Binding of GSK3beta to the APC-beta-catenin complex and regulation of complex assembly.
1996,
Pubmed
Rubinfeld,
Association of the APC gene product with beta-catenin.
1993,
Pubmed
Sakanaka,
Bridging of beta-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta by axin and inhibition of beta-catenin-mediated transcription.
1998,
Pubmed
Smith,
Oogenesis and oocyte isolation.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stambolic,
Lithium inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity and mimics wingless signalling in intact cells.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Vasicek,
Two dominant mutations in the mouse fused gene are the result of transposon insertions.
1997,
Pubmed
Wikramanayake,
beta-Catenin is essential for patterning the maternally specified animal-vegetal axis in the sea urchin embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
Woodgett,
A common denominator linking glycogen metabolism, nuclear oncogenes and development.
1991,
Pubmed
Yost,
The axis-inducing activity, stability, and subcellular distribution of beta-catenin is regulated in Xenopus embryos by glycogen synthase kinase 3.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yost,
GBP, an inhibitor of GSK-3, is implicated in Xenopus development and oncogenesis.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zeng,
The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
