XB-ART-4192
Dev Dyn
2004 Jan 01;2291:201-18. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.10480.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
T-box genes in early embryogenesis.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The T-box gene family, encoding related DNA-binding transcriptional regulators, plays an essential role in controlling many aspects of embryogenesis in a wide variety of organisms. The T-box genes exhibit diverse patterns of spatial and temporal expression in the developing embryo, and both genetic and molecular embryological studies have demonstrated their importance in regulating cell fate decisions that establish the early body plan, and in later processes underlying organogenesis. Despite these studies, little is known of either the regulation of the T-box genes or the identities of their transcriptional targets. The aim of this review is to examine the diverse yet conserved roles of several T-box genes in regulating early patterning in chordates and to discuss possible mechanisms through which this functional diversity might arise. Developmental Dynamics 229:201-218, 2004.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 14699590
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC1635809
???displayArticle.link??? Dev Dyn
???displayArticle.grants??? [+]
Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: eomes tbx6 tbxt vegt
References [+] :
Amacher,
The zebrafish T-box genes no tail and spadetail are required for development of trunk and tail mesoderm and medial floor plate.
2002, Pubmed
Amacher, The zebrafish T-box genes no tail and spadetail are required for development of trunk and tail mesoderm and medial floor plate. 2002, Pubmed
Amaya, FGF signalling in the early specification of mesoderm in Xenopus. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Amaya, Expression of a dominant negative mutant of the FGF receptor disrupts mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Beddington, An autoradiographic analysis of tissue potency in different regions of the embryonic ectoderm during gastrulation in the mouse. 1982, Pubmed
Beddington, Brachyury--a gene affecting mouse gastrulation and early organogenesis. 1992, Pubmed
Carreira-Barbosa, Prickle 1 regulates cell movements during gastrulation and neuronal migration in zebrafish. 2003, Pubmed
Carver, The mouse snail gene encodes a key regulator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. 2001, Pubmed
Casey, The T-box transcription factor Brachyury regulates expression of eFGF through binding to a non-palindromic response element. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Casey, Bix4 is activated directly by VegT and mediates endoderm formation in Xenopus development. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chapman, Three neural tubes in mouse embryos with mutations in the T-box gene Tbx6. 1998, Pubmed
Chapman, Tbx6, a mouse T-Box gene implicated in paraxial mesoderm formation at gastrulation. 1996, Pubmed
Ciruna, Expression of the T-box gene Eomesodermin during early mouse development. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Clements, Distinct regulatory control of the Brachyury gene in axial and non-axial mesoderm suggests separation of mesoderm lineages early in mouse gastrulation. 1996, Pubmed
Clements, VegT induces endoderm by a self-limiting mechanism and by changing the competence of cells to respond to TGF-beta signals. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Clements, Mode of action of VegT in mesoderm and endoderm formation. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Coll, Structure of the DNA-bound T-box domain of human TBX3, a transcription factor responsible for ulnar-mammary syndrome. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Conlon, Inhibition of Xbra transcription activation causes defects in mesodermal patterning and reveals autoregulation of Xbra in dorsal mesoderm. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Conlon, Determinants of T box protein specificity. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Conlon, Interference with brachyury function inhibits convergent extension, causes apoptosis, and reveals separate requirements in the FGF and activin signalling pathways. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Conlon, Effects of the TWis mutation on notochord formation and mesodermal patterning. 1995, Pubmed
Corbo, Suppressor of hairless activates brachyury expression in the Ciona embryo. 1998, Pubmed
Corbo, Characterization of a notochord-specific enhancer from the Brachyury promoter region of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. 1997, Pubmed
Cunliffe, Ectopic mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos caused by widespread expression of a Brachyury homologue. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
De Robertis, The establishment of Spemann's organizer and patterning of the vertebrate embryo. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Di Gregorio, Regulation of Ci-tropomyosin-like, a Brachyury target gene in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. 1999, Pubmed
Erives, Lineage-specific regulation of the Ciona snail gene in the embryonic mesoderm and neuroectoderm. 1998, Pubmed
Erives, Characterization of a maternal T-Box gene in Ciona intestinalis. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Fujiwara, The snail repressor establishes a muscle/notochord boundary in the Ciona embryo. 1998, Pubmed
Galceran, Rescue of a Wnt mutation by an activated form of LEF-1: regulation of maintenance but not initiation of Brachyury expression. 2001, Pubmed
Garg, GATA4 mutations cause human congenital heart defects and reveal an interaction with TBX5. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Glickman, Shaping the zebrafish notochord. 2003, Pubmed
Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, The Development of Normal and Homozygous Brachy (T/T) Mouse Embryos in the Extraembryonic Coelom of the Chick. 1944, Pubmed
Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, The Development of Two Tailless Mutants in the House Mouse. 1938, Pubmed
Goering, An interacting network of T-box genes directs gene expression and fate in the zebrafish mesoderm. 2003, Pubmed
Gotoh, Involvement of the MAP kinase cascade in Xenopus mesoderm induction. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Griffin, Analysis of FGF function in normal and no tail zebrafish embryos reveals separate mechanisms for formation of the trunk and the tail. 1995, Pubmed
Griffin, Molecular identification of spadetail: regulation of zebrafish trunk and tail mesoderm formation by T-box genes. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Griffin, One-Eyed Pinhead and Spadetail are essential for heart and somite formation. 2002, Pubmed
GRUNEBERG, Genetical studies on the skeleton of the mouse. XXIII. The development of brachyury and anury. 1958, Pubmed
Gubb, The balance between isoforms of the prickle LIM domain protein is critical for planar polarity in Drosophila imaginal discs. 1999, Pubmed
Halpern, Induction of muscle pioneers and floor plate is distinguished by the zebrafish no tail mutation. 1993, Pubmed
Halpern, Cell-autonomous shift from axial to paraxial mesodermal development in zebrafish floating head mutants. 1995, Pubmed
Hancock, Mapping and expression analysis of the mouse ortholog of Xenopus Eomesodermin. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Harrison, Sp5, a new member of the Sp1 family, is dynamically expressed during development and genetically interacts with Brachyury. 2000, Pubmed
Hashimoto, An ECM substratum allows mouse mesodermal cells isolated from the primitive streak to exhibit motility similar to that inside the embryo and reveals a deficiency in the T/T mutant cells. 1987, Pubmed
Hemmati-Brivanlou, A truncated activin receptor inhibits mesoderm induction and formation of axial structures in Xenopus embryos. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Herrmann, Cloning of the T gene required in mesoderm formation in the mouse. 1990, Pubmed
Herrmann, The T genes in embryogenesis. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Herrmann, Expression pattern of the Brachyury gene in whole-mount TWis/TWis mutant embryos. 1991, Pubmed
Hiroi, Tbx5 associates with Nkx2-5 and synergistically promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Holland, Conservation of Brachyury (T) genes in amphioxus and vertebrates: developmental and evolutionary implications. 1995, Pubmed
Horb, A vegetally localized T-box transcription factor in Xenopus eggs specifies mesoderm and endoderm and is essential for embryonic mesoderm formation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Horb, Tbx5 is essential for heart development. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hotta, Characterization of Brachyury-downstream notochord genes in the Ciona intestinalis embryo. 2000, Pubmed
Hotta, Temporal expression patterns of 39 Brachyury-downstream genes associated with notochord formation in the Ciona intestinalis embryo. 1999, Pubmed
Hotta, Expression of an ascidian gene in the tip of the tail of tail-bud-stage embryos. 1998, Pubmed
Hug, tbx6, a Brachyury-related gene expressed by ventral mesendodermal precursors in the zebrafish embryo. 1997, Pubmed
Hurlin, Mga, a dual-specificity transcription factor that interacts with Max and contains a T-domain DNA-binding motif. 1999, Pubmed
Imai, (beta)-catenin mediates the specification of endoderm cells in ascidian embryos. 2000, Pubmed
Isaacs, eFGF regulates Xbra expression during Xenopus gastrulation. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, Expression of a novel FGF in the Xenopus embryo. A new candidate inducing factor for mesoderm formation and anteroposterior specification. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Isaacs, eFGF is expressed in the dorsal midline of Xenopus laevis. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kimmel, A mutation that changes cell movement and cell fate in the zebrafish embryo. 1989, Pubmed
King, Polarizing genetic information in the egg: RNA localization in the frog oocyte. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kispert, The Brachyury gene encodes a novel DNA binding protein. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kispert, The T protein encoded by Brachyury is a tissue-specific transcription factor. 1995, Pubmed
Kofron, Mesoderm induction in Xenopus is a zygotic event regulated by maternal VegT via TGFbeta growth factors. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Role of MAP kinase in mesoderm induction and axial patterning during Xenopus development. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Mesoderm induction by activin requires FGF-mediated intracellular signals. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lamolet, A pituitary cell-restricted T box factor, Tpit, activates POMC transcription in cooperation with Pitx homeoproteins. 2001, Pubmed
Latinkić, The Xenopus Brachyury promoter is activated by FGF and low concentrations of activin and suppressed by high concentrations of activin and by paired-type homeodomain proteins. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lerchner, Region-specific activation of the Xenopus brachyury promoter involves active repression in ectoderm and endoderm: a study using transgenic frog embryos. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Levine, Transcription regulation and animal diversity. 2003, Pubmed
Liu, FAST-2 is a mammalian winged-helix protein which mediates transforming growth factor beta signals. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lustig, Expression cloning of a Xenopus T-related gene (Xombi) involved in mesodermal patterning and blastopore lip formation. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
MacMurray, The antimorphic nature of the Tc allele at the mouse T locus. 1988, Pubmed
Marcellini, Evolution of Brachyury proteins: identification of a novel regulatory domain conserved within Bilateria. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Mlodzik, Spiny legs and prickled bodies: new insights and complexities in planar polarity establishment. 2000, Pubmed
Müller, Crystallographic structure of the T domain-DNA complex of the Brachyury transcription factor. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nieuwkoop, The formation of the mesoderm in urodelean amphibians : I. Induction by the endoderm. 1969, Pubmed
O'Reilly, Patterning of the mesoderm in Xenopus: dose-dependent and synergistic effects of Brachyury and Pintallavis. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Packham, T-box genes in human disorders. 2003, Pubmed
Papaioannou, T-box genes in development: from hydra to humans. 2001, Pubmed
Papaioannou, The T-box gene family. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Rashbass, A cell autonomous function of Brachyury in T/T embryonic stem cell chimaeras. 1991, Pubmed
Rodriguez-Esteban, The T-box genes Tbx4 and Tbx5 regulate limb outgrowth and identity. 1999, Pubmed
Russ, Eomesodermin is required for mouse trophoblast development and mesoderm formation. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ryan, Eomesodermin, a key early gene in Xenopus mesoderm differentiation. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ryan, Xenopus eomesodermin is expressed in neural differentiation. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ryan, The Xenopus eomesodermin promoter and its concentration-dependent response to activin. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Saka, A screen for targets of the Xenopus T-box gene Xbra. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schulte-Merker, no tail (ntl) is the zebrafish homologue of the mouse T (Brachyury) gene. 1994, Pubmed
Schulte-Merker, Mesoderm formation in response to Brachyury requires FGF signalling. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Schulte-Merker, The protein product of the zebrafish homologue of the mouse T gene is expressed in nuclei of the germ ring and the notochord of the early embryo. 1992, Pubmed
Simmen, Gene number in an invertebrate chordate, Ciona intestinalis. 1998, Pubmed
Smith, T-box genes: what they do and how they do it. 1999, Pubmed
Smith, Expression of a Xenopus homolog of Brachyury (T) is an immediate-early response to mesoderm induction. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, Brachyury and the T-box genes. 1997, Pubmed
Smith, Upstream and downstream from Brachyury, a gene required for vertebrate mesoderm formation. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, Xwnt11 and the regulation of gastrulation in Xenopus. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stennard, Differential expression of VegT and Antipodean protein isoforms in Xenopus. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stennard, The Xenopus T-box gene, Antipodean, encodes a vegetally localised maternal mRNA and can trigger mesoderm formation. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stott, Rescue of the tail defect of Brachyury mice. 1993, Pubmed
Sudarwati, Mesoderm formation in the anuranXenopus laevis (Daudin). 1971, Pubmed
Szeto, HrT is required for cardiovascular development in zebrafish. 2002, Pubmed
Tada, Bix1, a direct target of Xenopus T-box genes, causes formation of ventral mesoderm and endoderm. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tada, T-targets: clues to understanding the functions of T-box proteins. 2001, Pubmed
Tada, Analysis of competence and of Brachyury autoinduction by use of hormone-inducible Xbra. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Takahashi, Brachyury downstream notochord differentiation in the ascidian embryo. 1999, Pubmed
Takahashi, Evolutionary alterations of the minimal promoter for notochord-specific Brachyury expression in ascidian embryos. 1999, Pubmed
Takeuchi, The prickle-related gene in vertebrates is essential for gastrulation cell movements. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Takeuchi, Tbx5 and Tbx4 genes determine the wing/leg identity of limb buds. 1999, Pubmed
Tam, Establishment and organization of germ layers in the gastrulating mouse embryo. 1992, Pubmed
Thisse, Structure of the zebrafish snail1 gene and its expression in wild-type, spadetail and no tail mutant embryos. 1993, Pubmed
Tree, Prickle mediates feedback amplification to generate asymmetric planar cell polarity signaling. 2002, Pubmed
Uchiyama, Cloning and characterization of the T-box gene Tbx6 in Xenopus laevis. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Umbhauer, Mesoderm induction in Xenopus caused by activation of MAP kinase. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Veeman, Zebrafish prickle, a modulator of noncanonical Wnt/Fz signaling, regulates gastrulation movements. 2003, Pubmed
Vonica, Zygotic Wnt activity is required for Brachyury expression in the early Xenopus laevis embryo. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wallingford, Cloning and expression of Xenopus Prickle, an orthologue of a Drosophila planar cell polarity gene. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Watabe-Rudolph, The mouse rib-vertebrae mutation is a hypomorphic Tbx6 allele. 2002, Pubmed
White, Defective somite patterning in mouse embryos with reduced levels of Tbx6. 2003, Pubmed
White, Direct and indirect regulation of derrière, a Xenopus mesoderm-inducing factor, by VegT. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wilkinson, Expression pattern of the mouse T gene and its role in mesoderm formation. 1990, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wilson, Expression of T protein in the primitive streak is necessary and sufficient for posterior mesoderm movement and somite differentiation. 1997, Pubmed
Wilson, Chimeric analysis of T (Brachyury) gene function. 1993, Pubmed
Wilson, The T-box family. 2002, Pubmed
Wilson, The T gene is necessary for normal mesodermal morphogenetic cell movements during gastrulation. 1995, Pubmed
Xanthos, The roles of three signaling pathways in the formation and function of the Spemann Organizer. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Yamaguchi, T (Brachyury) is a direct target of Wnt3a during paraxial mesoderm specification. 1999, Pubmed
Yanagisawa, Does the T gene determine the anteroposterior axis of a mouse embryo? 1990, Pubmed
Yanagisawa, Differences in rotation-mediated aggregation between wild-type and homozygous Brachyury (T) cells. 1977, Pubmed
Yanagisawa, Effects of the brachyury (T) mutation on morphogenetic movement in the mouse embryo. 1981, Pubmed
Yasuo, Role of Goosecoid, Xnot and Wnt antagonists in the maintenance of the notochord genetic programme in Xenopus gastrulae. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Yasuo, An Ascidian Homolog of the Mouse Brachyury (T) Gene is Expressed Exclusively in Notochord Cells at the Fate Restricted Stage: (Ascidians/T (Brachyury) gene/sequence conservation/notochord cells/transient expression). 1994, Pubmed
Zhang, Xenopus VegT RNA is localized to the vegetal cortex during oogenesis and encodes a novel T-box transcription factor involved in mesodermal patterning. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, The role of maternal VegT in establishing the primary germ layers in Xenopus embryos. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase