Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Alternative splicing in the voltage-gated sodium channel DmNav regulates activation, inactivation, and persistent current.
Lin WH
,
Wright DE
,
Muraro NI
,
Baines RA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Diversity in neuronal signaling is a product not only of differential gene expression, but also of alternative splicing. However, although recognized, the precise contribution of alternative splicing in ion channel transcripts to channel kinetics remains poorly understood. Invertebrates, with their smaller genomes, offer attractive models to examine the contribution of splicing to neuronal function. In this study we report the sequencing and biophysical characterization of alternative splice variants of the sole voltage-gated Na+ gene (DmNav, paralytic), in late-stage embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. We identify 27 unique splice variants, based on the presence of 15 alternative exons. Heterologous expression, in Xenopus oocytes, shows that alternative exons j, e, and f primarily influence activation kinetics: when present, exon f confers a hyperpolarizing shift in half-activation voltage (V1/2), whereas j and e result in a depolarizing shift. The presence of exon h is sufficient to produce a depolarizing shift in the V1/2 of steady-state inactivation. The magnitude of the persistent Na+ current, but not the fast-inactivating current, in both oocytes and Drosophila motoneurons in vivo is directly influenced by the presence of either one of a pair of mutually exclusive, membrane-spanning exons, termed k and L. Transcripts containing k have significantly smaller persistent currents compared with those containing L. Finally, we show that transcripts lacking all cytoplasmic alternatively spliced exons still produce functional channels, indicating that splicing may influence channel kinetics not only through change to protein structure, but also by allowing differential modification (i.e., phosphorylation, binding of cofactors, etc.). Our results provide a functional basis for understanding how alternative splicing of a voltage-gated Na+ channel results in diversity in neuronal signaling.
Auld,
A rat brain Na+ channel alpha subunit with novel gating properties.
1988, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Auld,
A rat brain Na+ channel alpha subunit with novel gating properties.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Baines,
Postsynaptic protein kinase A reduces neuronal excitability in response to increased synaptic excitation in the Drosophila CNS.
2003,
Pubmed
Baines,
Electrophysiological development of central neurons in the Drosophila embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
Belcher,
Cloning of a sodium channel alpha subunit from rabbit Schwann cells.
1995,
Pubmed
Brose,
Slit proteins: key regulators of axon guidance, axonal branching, and cell migration.
2000,
Pubmed
Catterall,
From ionic currents to molecular mechanisms: the structure and function of voltage-gated sodium channels.
2000,
Pubmed
Charron,
The Hedgehog, TGF-beta/BMP and Wnt families of morphogens in axon guidance.
2007,
Pubmed
Davies,
A comparative study of voltage-gated sodium channels in the Insecta: implications for pyrethroid resistance in Anopheline and other Neopteran species.
2007,
Pubmed
Derst,
Four novel sequences in Drosophila melanogaster homologous to the auxiliary Para sodium channel subunit TipE.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Diss,
Expression profiles of voltage-gated Na(+) channel alpha-subunit genes in rat and human prostate cancer cell lines.
2001,
Pubmed
Elinder,
On the opening of voltage-gated ion channels.
2007,
Pubmed
Feng,
Cloning and functional analysis of TipE, a novel membrane protein that enhances Drosophila para sodium channel function.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Goldin,
Resurgence of sodium channel research.
2001,
Pubmed
Goodman,
Developmental mechanisms that generate precise patterns of neuronal connectivity.
1993,
Pubmed
Gustafson,
Mutually exclusive exon splicing of type III brain sodium channel alpha subunit RNA generates developmentally regulated isoforms in rat brain.
1993,
Pubmed
Hubbard,
Synthesis and processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides.
1981,
Pubmed
Huguenard,
Sodium channels: grit, determination, and persistence.
2002,
Pubmed
Kuo,
Carbamazepine inhibition of neuronal Na+ currents: quantitative distinction from phenytoin and possible therapeutic implications.
1997,
Pubmed
Lampl,
Reduction of cortical pyramidal neuron excitability by the action of phenytoin on persistent Na+ current.
1998,
Pubmed
Lee,
Developmental regulation of alternative exon usage in the house fly Vssc1 sodium channel gene.
2002,
Pubmed
Levitt,
Signaling pathways that regulate specification of neurons in developing cerebral cortex.
1997,
Pubmed
Li,
Persistent sodium and calcium currents cause plateau potentials in motoneurons of chronic spinal rats.
2003,
Pubmed
Li,
Role of persistent sodium and calcium currents in motoneuron firing and spasticity in chronic spinal rats.
2004,
Pubmed
Li,
Convergent regulation of sodium channels by protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
1993,
Pubmed
Liu,
Persistent tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium current resulting from U-to-C RNA editing of an insect sodium channel.
2004,
Pubmed
Loughney,
Molecular analysis of the para locus, a sodium channel gene in Drosophila.
1989,
Pubmed
Lu,
Isolation of a human-brain sodium-channel gene encoding two isoforms of the subtype III alpha-subunit.
1998,
Pubmed
Marder,
Modeling stability in neuron and network function: the role of activity in homeostasis.
2002,
Pubmed
Mee,
Regulation of neuronal excitability through pumilio-dependent control of a sodium channel gene.
2004,
Pubmed
Miyazaki,
Cloning and sequencing of the para-type sodium channel gene from susceptible and kdr-resistant German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) and house fly (Musca domestica).
1996,
Pubmed
Muraro,
Pumilio binds para mRNA and requires Nanos and Brat to regulate sodium current in Drosophila motoneurons.
2008,
Pubmed
Nikitin,
Persistent sodium current is a target for cAMP-induced neuronal plasticity in a state-setting modulatory interneuron.
2006,
Pubmed
Numann,
Functional modulation of brain sodium channels by protein kinase C phosphorylation.
1991,
Pubmed
O'Dowd,
Sodium current density correlates with expression of specific alternatively spliced sodium channel mRNAs in single neurons.
1995,
Pubmed
Oh,
Novel splice variants of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel alpha subunit.
1998,
Pubmed
Olson,
Molecular and functional characterization of voltage-gated sodium channel variants from Drosophila melanogaster.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Park,
Identification of alternative splicing regulators by RNA interference in Drosophila.
2004,
Pubmed
Plummer,
Exon organization, coding sequence, physical mapping, and polymorphic intragenic markers for the human neuronal sodium channel gene SCN8A.
1998,
Pubmed
Plummer,
Alternative splicing of the sodium channel SCN8A predicts a truncated two-domain protein in fetal brain and non-neuronal cells.
1997,
Pubmed
Romano,
Prenatal exposure to cocaine disrupts discrimination learning in adult rabbits.
1996,
Pubmed
Sarao,
Developmentally regulated alternative RNA splicing of rat brain sodium channel mRNAs.
1991,
Pubmed
Schnorrer,
Axon guidance: morphogens show the way.
2004,
Pubmed
Seshaiah,
pasilla, the Drosophila homologue of the human Nova-1 and Nova-2 proteins, is required for normal secretion in the salivary gland.
2001,
Pubmed
Siegel,
Activity-dependent current distributions in model neurons.
1994,
Pubmed
Smith,
Phosphorylation at a single site in the rat brain sodium channel is necessary and sufficient for current reduction by protein kinase A.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Song,
RNA editing generates tissue-specific sodium channels with distinct gating properties.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Spadoni,
Lamotrigine derivatives and riluzole inhibit INa,P in cortical neurons.
2002,
Pubmed
Spitzer,
Electrical activity in early neuronal development.
2006,
Pubmed
Spitzer,
Outside and in: development of neuronal excitability.
2002,
Pubmed
Stanwood,
Prenatal cocaine exposure produces consistent developmental alterations in dopamine-rich regions of the cerebral cortex.
2001,
Pubmed
Tan,
Alternative splicing of an insect sodium channel gene generates pharmacologically distinct sodium channels.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tazerart,
The persistent sodium current generates pacemaker activities in the central pattern generator for locomotion and regulates the locomotor rhythm.
2008,
Pubmed
Thackeray,
Conserved alternative splicing patterns and splicing signals in the Drosophila sodium channel gene para.
1995,
Pubmed
Thackeray,
Developmentally regulated alternative splicing generates a complex array of Drosophila para sodium channel isoforms.
1994,
Pubmed
Thimmapaya,
Distribution and functional characterization of human Nav1.3 splice variants.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ule,
An RNA map predicting Nova-dependent splicing regulation.
2006,
Pubmed
Vais,
Activation of Drosophila sodium channels promotes modification by deltamethrin. Reductions in affinity caused by knock-down resistance mutations.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Warmke,
Functional expression of Drosophila para sodium channels. Modulation by the membrane protein TipE and toxin pharmacology.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
West,
A phosphorylation site in the Na+ channel required for modulation by protein kinase C.
1991,
Pubmed
Wicher,
Peptidergic modulation of an insect Na(+) current: role of protein kinase A and protein kinase C.
2001,
Pubmed