Brott BK and Sokol SY (2005), Frodo proteins: modulators of Wnt signaling in ...

XB-ART-1248

Differentiation 2005 Sep 01;737:323-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2005.00032.x.

Show Gene links Show Anatomy links

Frodo proteins: modulators of Wnt signaling in vertebrate development.

Brott BK , Sokol SY .

???displayArticle.abstract???
The Frodo/dapper (Frd) proteins are recently discovered signaling adaptors, which functionally and physically interact with Wnt and Nodal signaling pathways during vertebrate development. The Frd1 and Frd2 genes are expressed in dynamic patterns in early embryos, frequently in cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The Frd proteins function in multiple developmental processes, including mesoderm and neural tissue specification, early morphogenetic cell movements, and organogenesis. Loss-of-function studies using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides demonstrate that the Frd proteins regulate Wnt signal transduction in a context-dependent manner and may be involved in Nodal signaling. The identification of Frd-associated factors and cellular targets of the Frd proteins should shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying Frd functions in embryonic development and in cancer.

???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 16219036
???displayArticle.link??? Differentiation

Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: cer1 chrd ctnnb1 dact1 dbf4 dvl2 fzd8 gsc mapk8 nodal nodal3.1 nrp1 rac1 tcf7l1 wnt1

???attribute.lit??? ???displayArticles.show???

	Fig. 1 Comparison of the amino-acid sequences of Frodo family members. Sequence alignment has been carried out using MEGALIGN of the Lasergene software package. Conserved domains including the amino-terminal leucine-rich domain, middle domain, and the PDZ-binding motif at the carboxy-terminus are shown by dashed lines. Conserved leucines are shown by dots.
	Fig. 2 Frd1 mRNA expression in Xenopus (A), zebrafish (B), and mouse (C) embryos studied by in situ hybridization. Embryonic stages are indicated. Anterior is on the left (A) or on the top (B, C). Staining is detectable in the eye retina (e), presomitic mesoderm (psm), somites (s), lateral mesoderm, neural crest (nc), and placode derivatives.
	Fig. 3 A role for Frd1, a Dsh-associated protein, in Wnt signaling. Frd1 is involved in canonical Wnt signaling by associating with both Dsh and TCF3, and transducing a b-catenin-independent signal. Frd1 also regulates convergent extension and JNK through unknown mechanisms.