Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Requirement for phosphorylation of cyclin B1 for Xenopus oocyte maturation.
Li J
,
Meyer AN
,
Donoghue DJ
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Maturation-promoting factor, consisting of cdc2 protein kinase and a regulatory B-type cyclin, is a universal regulator of meiosis and mitosis in eukaryotes. In Xenopus, there are two subtypes of B-type cyclins, designated B1 and B2, both of which are phosphorylated. In this study, we have investigated the biological significance of this phosphorylation for Xenopus cyclin B1 during meiotic maturation. We have used a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and phosphopeptide-mapping to identify serine residues 2, 94, 96, 101, and 113 as presumptive phosphorylation sites, and together these sites account for all cyclin B1 phosphorylation in oocytes before germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Single Ser-->Ala mutants as well as multiple site mutants have been constructed and characterized. Phosphorylation of cyclin B1 appears to be required for Xenopus oocyte maturation, based on the significantly diminished ability of the quintuple Ala mutant to induce oocyte maturation. Furthermore, partial phosphorylation of these five sites is sufficient to meet this requirement. Phosphorylation of cyclin B1 is not required for cdc2 kinase activity, for binding to cdc2 protein, for stability of cyclin B1 before GVBD, or for destruction of cyclin B1 after GVBD or after egg activation. A quintuple Glu mutant was also constructed, with serine residues 2, 94, 96, 101, and 113 mutated to Glu. In contrast to the quintuple Ala mutant, the quintuple Glu mutant was able to induce oocyte maturation efficiently, and with more rapid kinetics than wild-type cyclin B1. These data confirm that phosphorylation, as mimicked by Ser-->Glu mutations, confers enhanced biological activity to cyclin B1. Possible roles of cyclin B1 phosphorylation are discussed that might account for the increased biological activity of the quintuple Glu mutant.
Boyle,
Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates.
1991, Pubmed
Boyle,
Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates.
1991,
Pubmed
Cleveland,
Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and analysis by gel electrophoresis.
1977,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Cdc2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B: evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF.
1989,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Cdc2 activation: the interplay of cyclin binding and Thr161 phosphorylation.
1993,
Pubmed
Drury,
Effects of cycloheximide on the "autocatalytic" nature of the maturation promoting factor (MPF) in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ducommun,
cdc2 phosphorylation is required for its interaction with cyclin.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dumont,
Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). I. Stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dunphy,
The Xenopus cdc2 protein is a component of MPF, a cytoplasmic regulator of mitosis.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Evans,
Cyclin: a protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division.
1983,
Pubmed
Fesquet,
The MO15 gene encodes the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase that activates cdc2 and other cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) through phosphorylation of Thr161 and its homologues.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Freeman,
Xenopus homolog of the mos protooncogene transforms mammalian fibroblasts and induces maturation of Xenopus oocytes.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Freeman,
Meiotic induction by Xenopus cyclin B is accelerated by coexpression with mosXe.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Galas,
A nuclear factor required for specific translation of cyclin B may control the timing of first meiotic cleavage in starfish oocytes.
1993,
Pubmed
Gallant,
Cyclin B2 undergoes cell cycle-dependent nuclear translocation and, when expressed as a non-destructible mutant, causes mitotic arrest in HeLa cells.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gautier,
cdc25 is a specific tyrosine phosphatase that directly activates p34cdc2.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gautier,
Cyclin B in Xenopus oocytes: implications for the mechanism of pre-MPF activation.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gautier,
Purified maturation-promoting factor contains the product of a Xenopus homolog of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2+.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Glotzer,
Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gould,
Complementation of the mitotic activator, p80cdc25, by a human protein-tyrosine phosphatase.
1990,
Pubmed
Gould,
Phosphorylation at Thr167 is required for Schizosaccharomyces pombe p34cdc2 function.
1991,
Pubmed
Heald,
Mutations of phosphorylation sites in lamin A that prevent nuclear lamina disassembly in mitosis.
1990,
Pubmed
Holloway,
Anaphase is initiated by proteolysis rather than by the inactivation of maturation-promoting factor.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hunt,
The requirements for protein synthesis and degradation, and the control of destruction of cyclins A and B in the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles of the clam embryo.
1992,
Pubmed
Izumi,
Phosphorylation of Xenopus cyclins B1 and B2 is not required for cell cycle transitions.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Katsu,
Behavior of the components of maturation-promoting factor, cdc2 kinase and cyclin B, during oocyte maturation of goldfish.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kobayashi,
Identification of the domains in cyclin A required for binding to, and activation of, p34cdc2 and p32cdk2 protein kinase subunits.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kobayashi,
Cyclins and their partners during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kobayashi,
On the synthesis and destruction of A- and B-type cyclins during oogenesis and meiotic maturation in Xenopus laevis.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kreis,
Oligomerization is essential for transport of vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein to the cell surface.
1986,
Pubmed
Krek,
Differential phosphorylation of vertebrate p34cdc2 kinase at the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle: identification of major phosphorylation sites.
1991,
Pubmed
Krek,
Mutations of p34cdc2 phosphorylation sites induce premature mitotic events in HeLa cells: evidence for a double block to p34cdc2 kinase activation in vertebrates.
1991,
Pubmed
Kunkel,
Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection.
1985,
Pubmed
Lee,
cdc25+ encodes a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates p34cdc2.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lees,
Sequences within the conserved cyclin box of human cyclin A are sufficient for binding to and activation of cdc2 kinase.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lohka,
Induction of nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, and spindle formation in cell-free extracts.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Luca,
Both cyclin A delta 60 and B delta 97 are stable and arrest cells in M-phase, but only cyclin B delta 97 turns on cyclin destruction.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Luo,
Transfer of proteins to membranes facilitates both cyanogen bromide cleavage and two-dimensional proteolytic mapping.
1990,
Pubmed
Masui,
Cytoplasmic control of nuclear behavior during meiotic maturation of frog oocytes.
1971,
Pubmed
Meijer,
Cyclin is a component of the sea urchin egg M-phase specific histone H1 kinase.
1989,
Pubmed
Millar,
p80cdc25 mitotic inducer is the tyrosine phosphatase that activates p34cdc2 kinase in fission yeast.
1991,
Pubmed
Minshull,
Translation of cyclin mRNA is necessary for extracts of activated xenopus eggs to enter mitosis.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Murray,
The role of cyclin synthesis and degradation in the control of maturation promoting factor activity.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Norbury,
Regulatory phosphorylation of the p34cdc2 protein kinase in vertebrates.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Parker,
p107wee1 is a dual-specificity kinase that phosphorylates p34cdc2 on tyrosine 15.
1992,
Pubmed
Parker,
Inactivation of the p34cdc2-cyclin B complex by the human WEE1 tyrosine kinase.
1992,
Pubmed
Peter,
In vitro disassembly of the nuclear lamina and M phase-specific phosphorylation of lamins by cdc2 kinase.
1990,
Pubmed
Pickham,
Requirement of mosXe protein kinase for meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes induced by a cdc2 mutant lacking regulatory phosphorylation sites.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pines,
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases: take your partners.
1993,
Pubmed
Pines,
The differential localization of human cyclins A and B is due to a cytoplasmic retention signal in cyclin B.
1994,
Pubmed
Pines,
Human cyclins A and B1 are differentially located in the cell and undergo cell cycle-dependent nuclear transport.
1991,
Pubmed
Pines,
Isolation of a human cyclin cDNA: evidence for cyclin mRNA and protein regulation in the cell cycle and for interaction with p34cdc2.
1989,
Pubmed
Poon,
The cdc2-related protein p40MO15 is the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase that can activate p33cdk2 and p34cdc2.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Reynhout,
Studies on the appearance and nature of a maturation-inducing factor in the cytoplasm of amphibian oocytes exposed to progesterone.
1974,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Russell,
Negative regulation of mitosis by wee1+, a gene encoding a protein kinase homolog.
1987,
Pubmed
Sherr,
Mammalian G1 cyclins.
1993,
Pubmed
Solomon,
CAK, the p34cdc2 activating kinase, contains a protein identical or closely related to p40MO15.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
Cyclin activation of p34cdc2.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
Role of phosphorylation in p34cdc2 activation: identification of an activating kinase.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
Activation of the various cyclin/cdc2 protein kinases.
1993,
Pubmed
Swenson,
The clam embryo protein cyclin A induces entry into M phase and the resumption of meiosis in Xenopus oocytes.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ward,
Identification of cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation sites on nuclear lamin C.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Westendorf,
The role of cyclin B in meiosis I.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zheng,
Functional analysis of the P box, a domain in cyclin B required for the activation of Cdc25.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zoller,
Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of DNA fragments cloned into M13 vectors.
1983,
Pubmed
