Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Xenopus oocytes, arrested in G2 before the first meiotic division, accumulate histone mRNA and protein in the absence of chromosomal DNA replication and therefore represent an attractive biological system in which to examine histone gene expression uncoupled from the cell cycle. Previous studies have shown that sequences necessary for maximal levels of transcription in oocytes are present within 200 bp at the 5' end of the transcription initiation site for genes encoding each of the five major Xenopus histone classes. We have defined by site-directed mutagenesis individual regulatory sequences and characterized DNA-binding proteins required for histone H2B gene transcription in injected oocytes. The Xenopus H2B gene has a relatively simple promoter containing several transcriptional regulatory elements, including TFIID, CBP, and ATF/CREB binding sites, required for maximal transcription. A sequence (CTTTACAT) in the H2B promoter resembling the conserved octamer motif (ATTTGCAT), the target for cell-cycle regulation of a human H2B gene, is not required for transcription in oocytes. Nonetheless, substitution of a consensus octamer motif for the variant octamer element activates H2B transcription. Oocyte factors, presumably including the ubiquitous Oct-1 factor, specifically bind to the consensus octamer motif but not to the variant sequence. Our results demonstrate that a transcriptional regulatory element involved in lymphoid-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes and in S-phase-specific activation of mammalian H2B histone genes can activate transcription in nondividing amphibian oocytes.
Barberis,
Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of a novel transcription factor of the sea urchin.
1989, Pubmed
Barberis,
Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of a novel transcription factor of the sea urchin.
1989,
Pubmed
Barberis,
Mutually exclusive interaction of the CCAAT-binding factor and of a displacement protein with overlapping sequences of a histone gene promoter.
1987,
Pubmed
Bark,
A distant enhancer element is required for polymerase III transcription of a U6 RNA gene.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Baumbach,
Regulation of human histone gene expression: transcriptional and posttranscriptional control in the coupling of histone messenger RNA stability with DNA replication.
1987,
Pubmed
Berk,
Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease-digested hybrids.
1977,
Pubmed
Busslinger,
Synthesis of sperm and late histone cDNAs of the sea urchin with a primer complementary to the conserved 3' terminal palindrome: evidence for tissue-specific and more general histone gene variants.
1985,
Pubmed
Carbon,
A common octamer motif binding protein is involved in the transcription of U6 snRNA by RNA polymerase III and U2 snRNA by RNA polymerase II.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chodosh,
Human CCAAT-binding proteins have heterologous subunits.
1988,
Pubmed
Clerc,
Transcription of a cloned Xenopus laevis H4 histone gene in the homologous frog oocyte system depends on an evolutionary conserved sequence motif in the -50 region.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dailey,
Distinct transcription factors bind specifically to two regions of the human histone H4 promoter.
1986,
Pubmed
Dalton,
A gene-specific promoter element is required for optimal expression of the histone H1 gene in S-phase.
1988,
Pubmed
Dalton,
Transcription of the histone H5 gene is not S-phase regulated.
1986,
Pubmed
Davidson,
The HeLa cell protein TEF-1 binds specifically and cooperatively to two SV40 enhancer motifs of unrelated sequence.
1988,
Pubmed
Deutsch,
Structural determinants for transcriptional activation by cAMP-responsive DNA elements.
1988,
Pubmed
DiLiberto,
Developmental control of promoter-specific factors responsible for the embryonic activation and inactivation of the sea urchin early histone H3 gene.
1989,
Pubmed
Dreyfus,
The conserved decanucleotide from the immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter induces a very high transcriptional activity in B-cells when introduced into an heterologous promoter.
1987,
Pubmed
Fletcher,
Purification and characterization of OTF-1, a transcription factor regulating cell cycle expression of a human histone H2b gene.
1987,
Pubmed
Gallinari,
Characterization and purification of H1TF2, a novel CCAAT-binding protein that interacts with a histone H1 subtype-specific consensus element.
1989,
Pubmed
Gerster,
A herpesvirus trans-activating protein interacts with transcription factor OTF-1 and other cellular proteins.
1988,
Pubmed
Gerster,
Cell type-specificity elements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancer.
1987,
Pubmed
Gonzalez,
A cluster of phosphorylation sites on the cyclic AMP-regulated nuclear factor CREB predicted by its sequence.
1989,
Pubmed
Grosschedl,
Spacer DNA sequences upstream of the T-A-T-A-A-A-T-A sequence are essential for promotion of H2A histone gene transcription in vivo.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Grosschedl,
Identification of regulatory sequences in the prelude sequences of an H2A histone gene by the study of specific deletion mutants in vivo.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Grosschedl,
A functional component of the sea urchin H2A gene modulator contains an extended sequence homology to a viral enhancer.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hai,
Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers.
1989,
Pubmed
Hanly,
Identification of promoter elements necessary for transcriptional regulation of a human histone H4 gene in vitro.
1985,
Pubmed
Harvey,
Independently evolving chicken histone H2B genes: identification of a ubiquitous H2B-specific 5' element.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
He,
Expression of a large family of POU-domain regulatory genes in mammalian brain development.
1989,
Pubmed
Heindl,
Promoter sequences required for transcription of Xenopus laevis histone genes in injected frog oocyte nuclei.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Heintz,
Regulation of human histone gene expression: kinetics of accumulation and changes in the rate of synthesis and in the half-lives of individual histone mRNAs during the HeLa cell cycle.
1983,
Pubmed
Herr,
The POU domain: a large conserved region in the mammalian pit-1, oct-1, oct-2, and Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 gene products.
1988,
Pubmed
Hoeffler,
Cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein: structure based on a cloned placental cDNA.
1988,
Pubmed
Hwang,
S-phase-specific transcription regulatory elements are present in a replication-independent testis-specific H2B histone gene.
1989,
Pubmed
Johnson,
The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein(s) is sufficient for transcription of immunoglobulin genes.
1990,
Pubmed
Jones,
Trans-acting protein factors and the regulation of eukaryotic transcription: lessons from studies on DNA tumor viruses.
1988,
Pubmed
Kim,
Molecular cloning and differential expression of somatic and testis-specific H2B histone genes during rat spermatogenesis.
1987,
Pubmed
Kristie,
The octamer-binding proteins form multi-protein--DNA complexes with the HSV alpha TIF regulatory protein.
1989,
Pubmed
LaBella,
Cell-cycle regulation of a human histone H2b gene is mediated by the H2b subtype-specific consensus element.
1988,
Pubmed
Lai,
Both basal and ontogenic promoter elements affect the timing and level of expression of a sea urchin H1 gene during early embryogenesis.
1988,
Pubmed
Landolfi,
Interaction of cell-type-specific nuclear proteins with immunoglobulin VH promoter region sequences.
,
Pubmed
LeBowitz,
Octamer-binding proteins from B or HeLa cells stimulate transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter in vitro.
1988,
Pubmed
Lee,
A cellular protein, activating transcription factor, activates transcription of multiple E1A-inducible adenovirus early promoters.
1987,
Pubmed
Lenardo,
Protein-binding sites in Ig gene enhancers determine transcriptional activity and inducibility.
1987,
Pubmed
Lin,
Interaction of a common cellular transcription factor, ATF, with regulatory elements in both E1a- and cyclic AMP-inducible promoters.
1988,
Pubmed
Mason,
Transcription cell type specificity is conferred by an immunoglobulin VH gene promoter that includes a functional consensus sequence.
1985,
Pubmed
Mattaj,
An enhancer-like sequence within the Xenopus U2 gene promoter facilitates the formation of stable transcription complexes.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Montminy,
Binding of a nuclear protein to the cyclic-AMP response element of the somatostatin gene.
,
Pubmed
Nakajima,
Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: purification, genetic specificity, and TATA box-promoter interactions of TFIID.
1988,
Pubmed
Newrock,
Stage-specific mRNAs coding for subtypes of H2A and H2B histones in the sea urchin embryo.
1978,
Pubmed
Nomiyama,
Cell-specific activity of the constituent elements of the simian virus 40 enhancer.
1987,
Pubmed
Okamoto,
A novel octamer binding transcription factor is differentially expressed in mouse embryonic cells.
1990,
Pubmed
Old,
Individual Xenopus histone genes are replication-independent in oocytes and replication-dependent in Xenopus or mouse somatic cells.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Palla,
Cis-acting elements of the sea urchin histone H2A modulator bind transcriptional factors.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Perry,
Major transitions in histone gene expression do not occur during development in Xenopus laevis.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Perry,
Genomic organization and nucleotide sequence of two distinct histone gene clusters from Xenopus laevis. Identification of novel conserved upstream sequence elements.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pruijn,
Nuclear factor III, a novel sequence-specific DNA-binding protein from HeLa cells stimulating adenovirus DNA replication.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Roebuck,
Multiple functional motifs in the chicken U1 RNA gene enhancer.
1987,
Pubmed
Rosner,
A POU-domain transcription factor in early stem cells and germ cells of the mammalian embryo.
1990,
Pubmed
Schold,
Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using plasmid DNA templates and two primers.
1984,
Pubmed
Schöler,
New type of POU domain in germ line-specific protein Oct-4.
1990,
Pubmed
Schöler,
A family of octamer-specific proteins present during mouse embryogenesis: evidence for germline-specific expression of an Oct factor.
1989,
Pubmed
Schümperli,
Multilevel regulation of replication-dependent histone genes.
1988,
Pubmed
Shannon,
Histone H5 and H1 cross-reacting material is restricted to erythroid cells in chicken.
1985,
Pubmed
Sharma,
Interaction of cellular factors related to the Jun oncoprotein with the promoter of a replication-dependent hamster histone H3.2 gene.
1989,
Pubmed
Sive,
Multiple sequence elements are required for maximal in vitro transcription of a human histone H2B gene.
1986,
Pubmed
Staudt,
A lymphoid-specific protein binding to the octamer motif of immunoglobulin genes.
,
Pubmed
Stern,
The Oct-1 homoeodomain directs formation of a multiprotein-DNA complex with the HSV transactivator VP16.
1989,
Pubmed
Sturm,
The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein Oct-1 contains a POU domain with a homeo box subdomain.
1988,
Pubmed
van Wijnen,
Two target sites for protein binding in the promoter region of a cell cycle regulated human H1 histone gene.
1988,
Pubmed
van Wijnen,
Human H4 histone gene transcription requires the proliferation-specific nuclear factor HiNF-D. Auxiliary roles for HiNF-C (Sp1-like) and HiNF-A (high mobility group-like).
1989,
Pubmed
Wells,
A comprehensive compilation and alignment of histones and histone genes.
1989,
Pubmed
Wirth,
An octamer oligonucleotide upstream of a TATA motif is sufficient for lymphoid-specific promoter activity.
,
Pubmed
Younghusband,
Mutagenesis of conserved 5' elements and transcription of a chicken H1 histone gene.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zenke,
Multiple sequence motifs are involved in SV40 enhancer function.
1986,
Pubmed
Zernik,
Xenopus laevis histone genes: variant H1 genes are present in different clusters.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zoller,
Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis: a simple method using two oligonucleotide primers and a single-stranded DNA template.
1984,
Pubmed
