Takenaka K et al. (1997), MAP kinase is required for the spindle assembly...

XB-ART-16771

J Cell Biol 1997 Mar 10;1365:1091-7.

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MAP kinase is required for the spindle assembly checkpoint but is dispensable for the normal M phase entry and exit in Xenopus egg cell cycle extracts.

Takenaka K , Gotoh Y , Nishida E .

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In Xenopus laevis egg cell cycle extracts that mimic early embryonic cell cycles, activation of MAP kinase and MAP kinase kinase occurs in M phase, slightly behind that of maturation promoting factor. To examine the possible role of MAP kinase in the in vitro cell cycle, we depleted the extracts of MAP kinase by using anti-Xenopus MAP kinase antibody. Like in the mock-treated extracts, the periodic activation and deactivation of MPF occurred normally in the MAP kinase-depleted extracts, suggesting that MAP kinase is dispensable for the normal M phase entry and exit in vitro. It has recently been reported that microtubule depolymerization by nocodazole treatment can block exit from mitosis in the extracts if enough sperm nuclei are present, and that the addition of MAP kinase-specific phosphatase MKP-1 overcomes this spindle assembly checkpoint, suggesting the involvement of MAP kinase in the checkpoint signal transduction. We show here that the spindle assembly checkpoint mechanism cannot operate in the MAP kinase-depleted extracts. But, adding recombinant Xenopus MAP kinase to the MAP kinase-depleted extracts restored the spindle assembly checkpoint. These results indicate unambiguously that classical MAP kinase is required for the spindle assembly checkpoint in the cell cycle extracts. In addition, we show that strong activation of MAP kinase by the addition of a constitutively active MAP kinase kinase kinase in the absence of sperm nuclei and nocodazole, induced mitotic arrest in the extracts. Therefore, activation of MAP kinase alone is sufficient for inducing the mitotic arrest in vitro.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: cdk1 mapk1 mbp noct

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	Figure 3 Effect of MAP kinase depletion on microtubule depolymerization-induced mitotic arrest. Mock-treated extracts (mock) or MAP kinaseâ€“depleted extracts (Î±MAPK) were incubated with 9,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l in the presence or absence of 10 Î¼g/ml nocodazole (Noc). Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals, assayed for histone H1 kinase activity (A and B), MBP kinase activity (C), or immunoblotted with anti-MAP kinase antibody (D).
	Figure 4 Mitotic arrest by microtubule depolymerization in extracts insufficiently depleted of MAP kinase. (A) Cell cycle extracts which had been insufficiently immunodepleted of MAP kinase (B, lane 2) were incubated with 9,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l and nocodazole. Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity. (B) Extracts which had been untreated (lane 1), insufficiently depleted of MAP kinase (lane 2), and depleted sufficiently of MAP kinase (lane 3) were immunoblotted with anti-MAP kinase antibody. The samples for lanes 2 and 3 were from the extracts assayed in A and Fig. 3 (Î±MAPK), respectively.
	Figure 5 Rescue of mitotic arrest by microtubule depolymerization by addition of purified recombinant Xenopus MAP kinase in the MAP kinase-depleted extracts. MAP kinase-depleted extracts were incubated with 9,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l and 10 Î¼g/ml nocodazole without (A) or with (B) histidine-tagged recombinant wild-type Xenopus MAP kinase. Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity.
	Figure 7 Mitotic arrest by Ste11Î´N in cell cycle extracts. Cell cycle extracts were incubated with 5,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l with or without Ste11Î´N (100 Î¼g/ml). Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity (A), MBP kinase activity (B), and MAP kinase activity in MBP-containing gels (C).
	Figure 8 Effect of sperm nuclei concentration on the Ste11Î´Ninduced mitotic arrest. Cell cycle extracts were incubated without or with various concentrations of sperm nuclei (Sp) in the presence or absence of Ste11Î´N (100 Î¼g/ml). Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity.
	Figure 7. Mitotic arrest by Ste11ÎN in cell cycle extracts. Cell cycle extracts were incubated with 5,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l with or without Ste11ÎN (100 Î¼g/ml). Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity (A), MBP kinase activity (B), and MAP kinase activity in MBP-containing gels (C).
	Figure 2. Effect of MAP kinase depletion on the normal cell cycle progress. Xenopus egg cell cycle extracts were subjected to immunodepletion with anti-MAP kinase antiserum or with preimmune serum (mock treatment), as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Total protein and MAP kinase were visualized by Coomassie brilliant blue staining and immunoblotting with anti-MAP kinase antibody, respectively. Extracts were untreated (lanes 1 and 6), mock treated (lanes 2 and 7), or treated with anti-MAP kinase antiserum (lanes 3 and 8), and the remaining extracts were analyzed. The precipitate with the protein AâToyopearl beads in mock treatment (lanes 4 and 9) or in anti-MAP kinase antiserum treatment (lanes 5 and 10) was analyzed. An arrowhead indicates MAP kinase. (B) MPF activities were monitored as histone H1 kinase activities. Mock-treated extracts (mock) or MAP kinasedepleted extracts (Î±MAPK) were incubated with indicated concentrations of sperm nuclei (Sp). Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals. Assayed reactions were subjected to SDS-PAGE and autoradiographed.
	Figure 3. Effect of MAP kinase depletion on microtubule depolymerization-induced mitotic arrest. Mock-treated extracts (mock) or MAP kinaseâdepleted extracts (Î±MAPK) were incubated with 9,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l in the presence or absence of 10 Î¼g/ml nocodazole (Noc). Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals, assayed for histone H1 kinase activity (A and B), MBP kinase activity (C), or immunoblotted with anti-MAP kinase antibody (D).
	Figure 4. Mitotic arrest by microtubule depolymerization in extracts insufficiently depleted of MAP kinase. (A) Cell cycle extracts which had been insufficiently immunodepleted of MAP kinase (B, lane 2) were incubated with 9,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l and nocodazole. Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity. (B) Extracts which had been untreated (lane 1), insufficiently depleted of MAP kinase (lane 2), and depleted sufficiently of MAP kinase (lane 3) were immunoblotted with anti-MAP kinase antibody. The samples for lanes 2 and 3 were from the extracts assayed in A and Fig. 3 (Î±MAPK), respectively.
	Figure 5. Rescue of mitotic arrest by microtubule depolymerization by addition of purified recombinant Xenopus MAP kinase in the MAP kinase-depleted extracts. MAP kinase-depleted extracts were incubated with 9,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l and 10 Î¼g/ml nocodazole without (A) or with (B) histidine-tagged recombinant wild-type Xenopus MAP kinase. Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity.
	Figure 6. Ste11ÎN is a constitutively active MAPKK-K. (A) Xenopus oocyte extracts were incubated with or without 100 Î¼g/ml recombinant Ste11ÎN. Samples were withdrawn at the indicated times and subjected to the kinase detection assay within MBP-containing gels. An arrowhead indicates MAP kinase. (B) Xenopus oocyte extracts were incubated with various concentrations of Ste11ÎN for 2 h. And then, MAPKK was immunoprecipitated and assayed for the activity to phosphorylate recombinant kinase negative MAP kinase. (C) Xenopus oocyte extracts were incubated with 100 Î¼g/ml Ste11ÎN. Ste11ÎN was then immunoprecipitated from samples withdrawn at the indicated times and assayed for the activity to activate the ability of recombinant MAPKK to phosphorylate KNMAPK.
	Figure 8. Effect of sperm nuclei concentration on the Ste11ÎNinduced mitotic arrest. Cell cycle extracts were incubated without or with various concentrations of sperm nuclei (Sp) in the presence or absence of Ste11ÎN (100 Î¼g/ml). Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity.
	Figure 9. Ste11ÎN induces mitotic arrest through activation of MAP kinase. Mock-treated extracts (mock) or MAP kinaseâdepleted extracts (Î±MAPK) were incubated with 5,000 sperm nuclei/Î¼l in the presence (+Ste11ÎN) or absence (no addition) of Ste11ÎN (100 Î¼g/ml). Samples were withdrawn at 10 min intervals and assayed for histone H1 kinase activity (A) and MBP kinase activity (B). MAPKK was immunoprecipitated from the extracts in the presence of Ste11ÎN at 0 and 60 min, and the activity to phosphorylate KNMAPK was measured (C).

References [+] :

Abrieu, MAP kinase does not inactivate, but rather prevents the cyclin degradation pathway from being turned on in Xenopus egg extracts. 1996, Pubmed, Xenbase