Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
EMBO J
1993 Aug 01;128:3111-21. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05980.x.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
The MO15 gene encodes the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase that activates cdc2 and other cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) through phosphorylation of Thr161 and its homologues.
Fesquet D
,
Labbé JC
,
Derancourt J
,
Capony JP
,
Galas S
,
Girard F
,
Lorca T
,
Shuttleworth J
,
Dorée M
,
Cavadore JC
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Phosphorylation of Thr161, a residue conserved in all members of the cdc2 family, has been reported to be absolutely required for the catalytic activity of cdc2, the major regulator of eukaryotic cell cycle. In the present work, we have purified from starfish oocytes a kinase that specifically activates cdc2 in a cyclin-dependent manner through phosphorylation of its Thr161 residue. Our most highly purified preparation contained only two major proteins of apparent M(r) 37 and 40 kDa (p37 and p40), which could not be separated from each other without loss of activity. The purified kinase was found to phosphorylate not only cdc2, but also cdk2 and a divergent cdc2-like protein from Caenorhabditis, in chimeric complexes including both mitotic and G1/S cyclins. Extensive microsequencing of p40 did not reveal any convincing homology with any known protein. In contrast, p37 is the starfish homologue of the M015 gene product, a kinase previously cloned by homology probing from a Xenopus cDNA library. As expected, immunodepletion of the MO15 protein depleted Xenopus egg extracts of CAK (cdk-activating kinase) activity, which was recovered in immunoprecipitates. Taken together, the above results demonstrate that MO15 is a gene conserved throughout evolution (at least from echinoderms to vertebrates) that encodes the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase that activates cdc2-cdks complexes through phosphorylation of Thr161 (or its homologues).
Aebersold,
Internal amino acid sequence analysis of proteins separated by one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after in situ protease digestion on nitrocellulose.
1987, Pubmed
Aebersold,
Internal amino acid sequence analysis of proteins separated by one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after in situ protease digestion on nitrocellulose.
1987,
Pubmed
Amon,
Regulation of p34CDC28 tyrosine phosphorylation is not required for entry into mitosis in S. cerevisiae.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Clarke,
Cyclin A- and cyclin B-dependent protein kinases are regulated by different mechanisms in Xenopus egg extracts.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dabauvalle,
Role of nuclear material in the early cell cycle of Xenopus embryos.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Devault,
Concerted roles of cyclin A, cdc25+ mitotic inducer, and type 2A phosphatase in activating the cyclin B/cdc2 protein kinase at the G2/M phase transition.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Devault,
Cyclin A potentiates maturation-promoting factor activation in the early Xenopus embryo via inhibition of the tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates cdc2.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dorée,
Control of M-phase by maturation-promoting factor.
1990,
Pubmed
Ducommun,
cdc2 phosphorylation is required for its interaction with cyclin.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dulić,
Association of human cyclin E with a periodic G1-S phase protein kinase.
1992,
Pubmed
Dunphy,
The cdc25 protein contains an intrinsic phosphatase activity.
1991,
Pubmed
Félix,
Cdc2 H1 kinase is negatively regulated by a type 2A phosphatase in the Xenopus early embryonic cell cycle: evidence from the effects of okadaic acid.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ferrell,
Cell cycle tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 and a microtubule-associated protein kinase homolog in Xenopus oocytes and eggs.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gautier,
cdc25 is a specific tyrosine phosphatase that directly activates p34cdc2.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gautier,
Cyclin is a component of maturation-promoting factor from Xenopus.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Girard,
Cyclin A is required for the onset of DNA replication in mammalian fibroblasts.
1991,
Pubmed
Gould,
Phosphorylation at Thr167 is required for Schizosaccharomyces pombe p34cdc2 function.
1991,
Pubmed
Gould,
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the fission yeast cdc2+ protein kinase regulates entry into mitosis.
1989,
Pubmed
Gu,
Cell cycle regulation of CDK2 activity by phosphorylation of Thr160 and Tyr15.
1992,
Pubmed
Hanks,
The protein kinase family: conserved features and deduced phylogeny of the catalytic domains.
1988,
Pubmed
Honda,
The cell cycle regulator, human p50weel, is a tyrosine kinase and not a serine/tyrosine kinase.
1992,
Pubmed
Hunt,
Maturation promoting factor, cyclin and the control of M-phase.
1989,
Pubmed
Inaba,
Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and independent expression of human cyclin D genes.
1992,
Pubmed
Koff,
Human cyclin E, a new cyclin that interacts with two members of the CDC2 gene family.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krek,
Differential phosphorylation of vertebrate p34cdc2 kinase at the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle: identification of major phosphorylation sites.
1991,
Pubmed
Krek,
Vertebrate p34cdc2 phosphorylation site mutants: effects upon cell cycle progression in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
1992,
Pubmed
Kusubata,
p13suc1 suppresses the catalytic function of p34cdc2 kinase for intermediate filament proteins, in vitro.
1992,
Pubmed
Labbé,
M phase-specific cdc2 kinase: preparation from starfish oocytes and properties.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Labbé,
MPF from starfish oocytes at first meiotic metaphase is a heterodimer containing one molecule of cdc2 and one molecule of cyclin B.
1989,
Pubmed
Léopold,
An evolutionarily conserved cyclin homolog from Drosophila rescues yeast deficient in G1 cyclins.
1991,
Pubmed
Lew,
Isolation of three novel human cyclins by rescue of G1 cyclin (Cln) function in yeast.
1991,
Pubmed
Lorca,
Cyclin A-cdc2 kinase does not trigger but delays cyclin degradation in interphase extracts of amphibian eggs.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lorca,
Dephosphorylation of cdc2 on threonine 161 is required for cdc2 kinase inactivation and normal anaphase.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Masui,
Towards understanding the control of the division cycle in animal cells.
1992,
Pubmed
Matsushime,
Colony-stimulating factor 1 regulates novel cyclins during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
1991,
Pubmed
Matsushime,
Identification and properties of an atypical catalytic subunit (p34PSK-J3/cdk4) for mammalian D type G1 cyclins.
1992,
Pubmed
McGowan,
Human Wee1 kinase inhibits cell division by phosphorylating p34cdc2 exclusively on Tyr15.
1993,
Pubmed
Meyerson,
A family of human cdc2-related protein kinases.
1992,
Pubmed
Minshull,
Translation of cyclin mRNA is necessary for extracts of activated xenopus eggs to enter mitosis.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Motokura,
A novel cyclin encoded by a bcl1-linked candidate oncogene.
1991,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cyclin synthesis drives the early embryonic cell cycle.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murray,
The role of cyclin synthesis and degradation in the control of maturation promoting factor activity.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murray,
Creative blocks: cell-cycle checkpoints and feedback controls.
1992,
Pubmed
Norbury,
Regulatory phosphorylation of the p34cdc2 protein kinase in vertebrates.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nugent,
Conserved structural motifs in cyclins identified by sequence analysis.
1991,
Pubmed
Nurse,
Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase.
1990,
Pubmed
Okuda,
PCTAIRE-1 and PCTAIRE-3, two members of a novel cdc2/CDC28-related protein kinase gene family.
1992,
Pubmed
Pagano,
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
1992,
Pubmed
Paris,
Cloning by differential screening of a Xenopus cDNA coding for a protein highly homologous to cdc2.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Parker,
p107wee1 is a dual-specificity kinase that phosphorylates p34cdc2 on tyrosine 15.
1992,
Pubmed
Pelech,
MAP kinases: charting the regulatory pathways.
1992,
Pubmed
Picard,
Germinal vesicle components are not required for the cell-cycle oscillator of the early starfish embryo.
1988,
Pubmed
Poon,
The cdc2-related protein p40MO15 is the catalytic subunit of a protein kinase that can activate p33cdk2 and p34cdc2.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Reed,
The role of p34 kinases in the G1 to S-phase transition.
1992,
Pubmed
Rosenblatt,
Human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 is activated during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle and associates with cyclin A.
1992,
Pubmed
Russell,
cdc25+ functions as an inducer in the mitotic control of fission yeast.
1986,
Pubmed
Russell,
Negative regulation of mitosis by wee1+, a gene encoding a protein kinase homolog.
1987,
Pubmed
Shuttleworth,
p40MO15, a cdc2-related protein kinase involved in negative regulation of meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
Cyclin activation of p34cdc2.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
Role of phosphorylation in p34cdc2 activation: identification of an activating kinase.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sorger,
S-phase feedback control in budding yeast independent of tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc28.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Strausfeld,
Dephosphorylation and activation of a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex in vitro by human CDC25 protein.
1991,
Pubmed
Tsai,
Isolation of the human cdk2 gene that encodes the cyclin A- and adenovirus E1A-associated p33 kinase.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Walker,
Role for cyclin A in the dependence of mitosis on completion of DNA replication.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Xiong,
Human D-type cyclin.
1991,
Pubmed
Yamashita,
M-phase-specific histone H1 kinase in fish oocytes. Purification, components and biochemical properties.
1992,
Pubmed
Zindy,
Cyclin A is required in S phase in normal epithelial cells.
1992,
Pubmed
