XB-ART-39030
Dev Dyn
2009 Jun 01;2386:1455-66. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.21868.
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Identification of embryonic pancreatic genes using Xenopus DNA microarrays.
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The pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine endodermal organ involved in digestion and glucose homeostasis. During embryogenesis, the anlagen of the pancreas arise from dorsal and ventral evaginations of the foregut that later fuse to form a single organ. To better understand the molecular genetics of early pancreas development, we sought to isolate markers that are uniquely expressed in this tissue. Microarray analysis was performed comparing dissected pancreatic buds, liver buds, and the stomach region of tadpole stage Xenopus embryos. A total of 912 genes were found to be differentially expressed between these organs during early stages of organogenesis. K-means clustering analysis predicted 120 of these genes to be specifically enriched in the pancreas. Of these, we report on the novel expression patterns of 24 genes. Our analyses implicate the involvement of previously unsuspected signaling pathways during early pancreas development. Developmental Dynamics 238:1455-1466, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: btg1 cblb cdk17 cited2 cldn4 fgfr4 fubp1 fzd10 gjc1 hes3 hes5.2 hes5.3 ica1 kirrel2 mdk mlec nr5a2 pdcd4 plxnb1 plxnd1 rbpj reep5 rnd1 stxbp6 tent5c trim66 urb2
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Figure 2. Expression of novel pancreatic genes in dissected guts of tadpole stage embryos. Gene expression patterns were revealed by whole-mount in situ hybridization at three representative stages, stage 34-36, stage 40-41, and stage 42-43. These genes are expressed in the pancreatic rudiments of stage 34-36 embryos. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds are indicated with the black and white arrows, respectively and the liver bud is marked by an asterisk. A whole embryo was shown for HES3. While the Xenopus laevis gene designated here as HES3 (also known as Xenopus ESR2) has a best blastP match to human HES5, blastN to X. tropicalis and synteny relations identifies it as a gene distinct from tropicalis hes5 called hes3. Anterior to the left, dorsal to the top. |
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Figure 3. Expression of novel pancreatic genes in the gut of stage 40-43 embryos. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds are indicated with the black and white arrows, respectively and the liver bud is marked by an asterisk. Programmed Cell Death Protein 4 (PCDP) expression shown is a stage 45 embryo. |
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Figure 4. Expression of pancreatic genes in the gut of stage 42 and 45 embryos. The black arrows at stage 45 indicate the pancreas after the fusion of dorsal and ventral pancreas and the liver bud is marked by an asterisk. |
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