XB-ART-39670
Mol Cell Neurosci
2009 Feb 01;402:128-42. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.09.008.
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A functional equivalent of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in axons for secretion of locally synthesized proteins.
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Subcellular localization of protein synthesis provides a means to regulate the protein composition in far reaches of a cell. This localized protein synthesis gives neuronal processes autonomy to rapidly respond to extracellular stimuli. Locally synthesized axonal proteins enable neurons to respond to guidance cues and can help to initiate regeneration after injury. Most studies of axonal mRNA translation have concentrated on cytoplasmic proteins. While ultrastructural studies suggest that axons do not have rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus, mRNAs for transmembrane and secreted proteins localize to axons. Here, we show that growing axons with protein synthetic activity contain ER and Golgi components needed for classical protein synthesis and secretion. Isolated axons have the capacity to traffic locally synthesized proteins into secretory pathways and inhibition of Golgi function attenuates translation-dependent axonal growth responses. Finally, the capacity for secreting locally synthesized proteins in axons appears to be increased by injury.
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R01-NS049041 NINDS NIH HHS , Wellcome Trust , 085314 Wellcome Trust , WT085314 Wellcome Trust , R01 NS049041 NINDS NIH HHS , MRC_G0501592 Medical Research Council , G0501592 Medical Research Council
Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
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