Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The content and organization of the Xenopus tropicalis TCRα/δ locus was determined. This locus is highly conserved among tetrapods, with the genes encoding the TCRδ chains embedded with those encoding TCRα. However, the frog TCRα/δ is unusual in that it contains V genes that appear indistinguishable from those in the IgH locus (VH). These V genes, termed VHδ, make up 70% of the V genes at the TCRδ locus and are expressed exclusively in TCRδ chains. Finding TCRδ chains that use antibody-like V domains in frogs is similar to the situation in shark TCRδ variants and TCRμ in marsupials. These results suggest that such unconventional TCR may be more widespread across vertebrate lineages than originally thought and raise the possibility of previously unrealized subsets of T cells. We also revealed close linkage of TCRα/δ, IgH, and Igλ in Xenopus which, in combination with linkage analyses in other species, is consistent with the previous models for the emergence of these antigen receptor loci.
Baker,
Unusually similar patterns of antibody V segment diversity in distantly related marsupials.
2005, Pubmed
Baker,
Unusually similar patterns of antibody V segment diversity in distantly related marsupials.
2005,
Pubmed
Bartl,
Identification of class I genes in cartilaginous fish, the most ancient group of vertebrates displaying an adaptive immune response.
1997,
Pubmed
Benton,
Paleontological evidence to date the tree of life.
2007,
Pubmed
Carroll,
V(D)J recombination generates a high frequency of nonstandard TCR D delta-associated rearrangements in thymocytes.
1993,
Pubmed
Chen,
Characterization of arrangement and expression of the T cell receptor gamma locus in the sandbar shark.
2009,
Pubmed
Chien,
Somatic recombination in a murine T-cell receptor gene.
,
Pubmed
Chien,
A new T-cell receptor gene located within the alpha locus and expressed early in T-cell differentiation.
,
Pubmed
Clevers,
The T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a dynamic protein ensemble.
1988,
Pubmed
Criscitiello,
An evolutionarily mobile antigen receptor variable region gene: doubly rearranging NAR-TcR genes in sharks.
2006,
Pubmed
Fischer,
Conservation of the T-cell receptor alpha/delta linkage in the teleost fish Tetraodon nigroviridis.
2002,
Pubmed
Giudicelli,
IMGT/GENE-DB: a comprehensive database for human and mouse immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes.
2005,
Pubmed
Glusman,
Comparative genomics of the human and mouse T cell receptor loci.
2001,
Pubmed
Haire,
Structure and diversity of T-lymphocyte antigen receptors alpha and gamma in Xenopus.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Haire,
Eleven distinct VH gene families and additional patterns of sequence variation suggest a high degree of immunoglobulin gene complexity in a lower vertebrate, Xenopus laevis.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hayday,
Gammadelta T cells and the lymphoid stress-surveillance response.
2009,
Pubmed
Johansson,
Heavy chain V region diversity in the duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): long and highly variable complementarity-determining region 3 compensates for limited germline diversity.
2002,
Pubmed
Kasahara,
New insights into the genomic organization and origin of the major histocompatibility complex: role of chromosomal (genome) duplication in the emergence of the adaptive immune system.
1997,
Pubmed
Koop,
The human T-cell receptor TCRAC/TCRDC (C alpha/C delta) region: organization, sequence, and evolution of 97.6 kb of DNA.
1994,
Pubmed
Kubota,
Characterization of an avian (Gallus gallus domesticus) TCR alpha delta gene locus.
1999,
Pubmed
Kumar,
MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment.
2004,
Pubmed
Lewis,
The old and the restless.
2000,
Pubmed
Litman,
Evolution of antigen binding receptors.
1999,
Pubmed
Marchalonis,
The T-cell receptor as immunoglobulin: paradigm regained.
1997,
Pubmed
Mussmann,
Development of the early B cell population in Xenopus.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohta,
IgD, like IgM, is a primordial immunoglobulin class perpetuated in most jawed vertebrates.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohta,
Ancestral organization of the MHC revealed in the amphibian Xenopus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohta,
Identification and genetic mapping of Xenopus TAP2 genes.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohta,
Two highly divergent ancient allelic lineages of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) gene in Xenopus: further evidence for co-evolution among MHC class I region genes.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Oltz,
Regulation of antigen receptor gene assembly in lymphocytes.
2001,
Pubmed
Ota,
Divergent evolution and evolution by the birth-and-death process in the immunoglobulin VH gene family.
1994,
Pubmed
Parra,
A unique T cell receptor discovered in marsupials.
2007,
Pubmed
Parra,
Comparative genomic analysis and evolution of the T cell receptor loci in the opossum Monodelphis domestica.
2008,
Pubmed
Pilström,
The mysterious immunoglobulin light chain.
2002,
Pubmed
Rast,
Identification and characterization of T-cell antigen receptor-related genes in phylogenetically diverse vertebrate species.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rock,
CDR3 length in antigen-specific immune receptors.
1994,
Pubmed
Saito,
[T cell antigen receptor--structure, expression and function].
1990,
Pubmed
Satyanarayana,
Genomic organization of the human T-cell antigen-receptor alpha/delta locus.
1988,
Pubmed
Schwager,
Genetic basis of the antibody repertoire in Xenopus: analysis of the Vh diversity.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sciammas,
Unique antigen recognition by a herpesvirus-specific TCR-gamma delta cell.
1994,
Pubmed
Thompson,
The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools.
1997,
Pubmed
Tutter,
Conservation of an immunoglobulin variable-region gene family indicates a specific, noncoding function.
1989,
Pubmed
Wang,
Characterization of the Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) T-cell receptor alpha locus reveals a unique genomic organization.
2001,
Pubmed
Wilson,
Antibody-antigen interactions: new structures and new conformational changes.
1994,
Pubmed
Zhao,
Identification of IgF, a hinge-region-containing Ig class, and IgD in Xenopus tropicalis.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
