XB-ART-42252
Cell Adh Migr
2010 Jan 01;44:595-608. doi: 10.4161/cam.4.4.12962.
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Mechanisms driving neural crest induction and migration in the zebrafish and Xenopus laevis.
Klymkowsky MW
,
Rossi CC
,
Artinger KB
.
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The neural crest is an evolutionary adaptation, with roots in the formation of mesoderm. Modification of neural crest behavior has been is critical for the evolutionary diversification of the vertebrates and defects in neural crest underlie a range of human birth defects. There has been a tremendous increase in our knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and inductive interactions that converge on defining the neural crest and determining its behavior. While there is a temptation to look for simple models to explain neural crest behavior, the reality is that the system is complex in its circuitry. In this review, our goal is to identify the broad features of neural crest origins (developmentally) and migration (cellularly) using data from the zebrafish (teleost) and Xenopus laevis (tetrapod amphibian) in order to illuminate where general mechanisms appear to be in play, and equally importantly, where disparities in experimental results suggest areas of profitable study.
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???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC3011258
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DE017699 NIDCR NIH HHS, GM084133 NIGMS NIH HHS , HD050695 NICHD NIH HHS , R01 HD050698 NICHD NIH HHS
Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: acad11 admp bmp2 chrd dlx3 dlx5 foxd3 gbx2 igfbp5 msx1 msx2 neurod1 neurog1 nodal nog pax3 pax7 prdm1 snai2 sox1 sox10 sox11 sox15 sox2 sox3 sox8 sox9 twist1 wnt8a zic1
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Figure 5. Displays the pattern of expression of B1-type Sox-type transcription factors in the early Xenopus embryo. Top: RT-PCR analysis at various embryonic stage; Center: in situ analysis at blastula stages; Bottom: in situ hybridization at early neurual stages (stage 13 and 15) for Sox1 (A and B), Sox2 (C and D) and Sox3 (E and F). Red arrow points to region of reduced Sox expression within the nascent neural plate (Grammer T, Zhang C, Klymkowsky MW, previously unpublished observations). Image copyrighted by PUBMED CENTRAL: PMCID: PMC3011258 |
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