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Defining the regulatory molecular networks involved in patterning the developing anterior endoderm is essential to understand how the pancreas, liver, stomach, and duodenum are discretely specified from each other. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen2 in Xenopus laevis endoderm. We found that staufen2 was broadly expressed within the developing endoderm beginning at gastrulation becoming localized to the anterior endoderm at later stages. Through morpholino-mediated knockdown, we demonstrate that Staufen2 function is required for proper formation of the stomach, liver, and pancreas. We define that its function is required during gastrulation for proper patterning of the dorsal-ventral axis and that it acts to regulate expression of BMP signaling components.
Figure 3. Staufen2 is required for the patterning of the developing anteriorendoderm. a,b:Pdx1 expression by whole mount in situ hybridization in control and Staufen2-MO-injected embryos at NF35, expression of pdx1 is lost in the developing stomach and pancreatic anlagen (83%, n = 12). c,d: NF35 embryo, expression of ptf1a is almost completely lost in the developing dorsal and ventral pancreatic bud (80%, n = 10).
stau2 (staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 2) gene expression in bissected Xenopus laevis embryo, NF stage 10, dorsal right.
Key: endomesoderm, arrowheads; dorsal marginal zone =DMZ.
stau2 (staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 2) gene expression in transverse section of a Xenopus laevis embryo, NF stage 15, anteriorleft, dorsal up.
Key: Ac= archenteron roof ; endoderm=arrowheads); Mes= mesoderm.
tspan8 (tetraspanin 8) gene expression in an isolated gut tube of Xenopus laevis embryo, NF stage 44, with expression in stomach and bile duct (darker staining, towards bottom)
hhex (hematopoietically expressed homeobox) gene expression in an isolated gut tube of Xenopus laevis embryo, NF stage 44, with expression in the liver ( upper out pocketing of foregut) and gall bladder (darker staining, below liver)
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