Choi SH , Lee BH , Kim HJ , Jung SW , Hwang SH , Nah SY .

	Fig. 1. Chemical structures of ginsenoside Rg3 and ginsenoside metabolites used in this study. CK, compound K; PPD, protopanaxadiol; PPT, protopanaxatriol; Glc, glucopyranoside.
	Fig. 2. Effects of protopanaxatriol (PPT) on IKs channel currents. (A) The representative traces on IKs channel current blocks by different concentrations of PPT. Currents were in response to 2.5-s voltage steps up to +30 mV from a holding potential of –80 mV. (B) Concentration-response curves of PPT on IKs and KCNQ1 alone channel currents. Solid lines have been fitted to the Hill equation as described in Materials and Methods. Oocytes were clamped at the same as described for (A), and evoked every 10 s. (C) Current-voltage (I-V) relationships of IKs channel in the absence (●) or presence (○) of 10 μM PPT. Voltage pulses of 3-second duration were applied in 10-mV increments and at 10-second intervals from a holding potential of –80 mV. The peaks of the evoked currents, normalized to the peak current evoked by the voltage step to +30 mV in the absence of PPT, were used in the I-V plot. (D) An example of IKs channel currents recorded before (control) and after modification by 10 and 30 μM PPT. Currents recorded during 3-second depolarizing pulses to membrane potentials of –60 to +50 mV, applied from a holding potential of –80 mV. Tail currents were measured at –70 mV. Voltage-dependent activation curves were determined from the normalized amplitudes of tail currents. Data were fitted to a Boltzmann function. Data represent the mean±SEM (n= 6–7).
	Fig. 3. Effects of compound K (CK) on IKs channel currents. (A) Representative current traces on IKs channel inhibitions by different concentrations of CK. (B) Concentration-response curves of CK on IKs channel currents. (C) I-V relationships for KCNQ1 plus KCNE1 channel currents measurement at the end of the 3-second test pulse before and after application of 30 μM CK. (D) The steady-state activation curve for IKs channel currents by 30 μM CK. Protocols were the same as described for Fig. 2. Data are represented by the mean±SEM (n=7).
	Fig. 4. Effects of protopanaxatriol (PPT) on KCNQ1 alone channel. (A) The representative traces on KCNQ1 alone channel current inhibition by different concentrations of PPT. Protocols were the same as described for Fig. 2. (B) Concentration-response curves of PPT on KCNQ1 alone channel currents. (C) Current-voltage (I-V) relationships of KCNQ1 alone channels in the absence (●) or presence (○) of 30 μM PPT. (D) Example of KCNQ1 channel currents recorded before (control) and after modification by 30 μM PPT. Protocols were the same as described for Fig. 2. Data represent the mean±SEM (n=5–7).
	Fig. 5. Effects of compound K (CK) on KCNQ1 alone channel currents. (A) Representative current traces on KCNQ1 alone channel inhibition by different concentrations of CK. (B) Concentration-response curves of CK on KCNQ1 alone channel currents. (C) I-V relationships for KCNQ1 alone channel currents measurement at the end of the 3-second test pulse before and after application of 30 μM CK. (D) The steady-state activation curve for KCNQ1 alone channel currents by 30 μM CK. Protocols were the same as described for Fig. 2. Data are represented by the mean±SEM (n=6).

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