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ROMK expression remains unaltered in a mouse model of familial hyperkalemic hypertension caused by the CUL3Δ403-459 mutation.
Murthy M
,
Kurz T
,
O'Shaughnessy KM
.
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Familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt) is a rare inherited form of salt-dependent hypertension caused by mutations in proteins that regulate the renal Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter NCC Mutations in four genes have been reported to cause FHHt including CUL3 (Cullin3) that encodes a component of a RING E3 ligase. Cullin-3 binds to WNK kinase-bound KLHL3 (the substrate recognition subunit of the ubiquitin ligase complex) to promote ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of WNK kinases. Deletion of exon 9 from CUL3 (affecting residues 403-459, CUL3(Δ403-459)) causes a severe form of FHHt (PHA2E) that is recapitulated closely in a knock-in mouse model. The loss of functionality of CUL3(Δ403-459) and secondary accumulation of WNK kinases causes substantial NCC activation. This accounts for the hypertension in FHHt but the origin of the hyperkalemia is less clear. Hence, we explored the impact of CUL3(Δ403-459) on expression of the distal secretory K channel, ROMK, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that expressing wild-type but not the CUL3(Δ403-459) mutant form of CUL3 prevented the suppression of ROMK currents by WNK4 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The mutant CUL3 protein was also unable to affect ROMK-EGFP protein expression at the surface of mouse M-1 cortical collecting duct (CCD) cells. The effects of CUL3 on ROMK expression in both oocytes and M-1 CCD cells was reduced by addition of the neddylation inhibitor, MLN4924. This confirms that neddylation is important for CUL3 activity. Nevertheless, in our knock-in mouse model expressing CUL3(Δ403-459) we could not show any alteration in ROMK expression by either western blotting whole kidney lysates or confocal microscopy of kidney sections. This suggests that the hyperkalemia in our knock-in mouse and human PHA2E subjects with the CUL3(Δ403-459) mutation is not caused by reduced ROMK expression in the distalnephron.
Figure 1. (A) The currentâvoltage (IâV) plot for voltageâclamped Xenopus oocytes expressing Baâsensitive currents. ROMK expressed either alone (â ), or ROMK with: WNK4 (â²) or WNK4 + KLHL3 WT (â). Mean ± sem (n = 6), *P < 1Eâ6 vs ROMK + WNK4. (B) The currentâvoltage (IâV) plot for voltageâclamped Xenopus oocytes expressing Baâsensitive currents. ROMK expressed either alone (â ), or ROMK with: WNK4 (â²) WNK4 + CUL3 WT (â), WNK4 + CUL3Î403â459 (â¦). Mean ± sem (n = 6), *P < 1Eâ6 versus CUL3. (C) The currentâvoltage (IâV) plot for voltageâclamped Xenopus oocytes (expressing Baâsensitive currents either ROMK alone (â ), or ROMK with: WNK4 (â²), WNK4 + CUL3 WT + KLHL3 WT(â), WNK4 + CUL3 WT + KLHL3 WT + 1 μmol/L MLN 4924 (â¦). Mean ± sem (n = 6), *P < 1Eâ6 versus absence of MLN 4924. (D) The currentâvoltage (IâV) plot for voltageâclamped Xenopus oocytes expressing Baâsensitive currents. ROMK expressed either alone (â ), or ROMK with: WNK4 (â¦), WNK4 + CUL3 WT (â), WNK4 + CUL3Î403â459 (â²) or WNK4 + CUL3 WT + CUL3Î403â459 (â¼). Mean ± sem (n = 6), *P < 1Eâ6 versus CUL3 alone. (E) The currentâvoltage (IâV) plot for voltageâclamped Xenopus oocytes expressing Baâsensitive currents. ROMK expressed either alone (â ), or with CUL3 WT + KLHL3 WT (â²),or CUL3Î403â459 + KLHL3 WT (â¼). Mean ± sem (n = 5), No significant differences observed between the three different treatments.
Figure 2. (A) Effect of CUL3 on the WNK4 protein levels in the mouse Mâ1 CCD cell line. Total protein lysates were blotted from Mâ1 CCD cells transfected with ROMK alone (far left) or ROMK with the constructs indicated. Lane 5 (far right) is a control where WNK4 has not been transfected into the cells. AntiâWNK4 antibody (residues 1221â1243 of human WNK4, S064B) detected a 150 KDa WNK4 band. βâactin was the loading control. This is representative of Western blots replicated three times with cell lysates from three different passage numbers. (B) Quantification of Western blots showing WNK4 levels normalized to its βâactin loading control. Error bars represent mean ± sem of Western blots (n = 3). *P < 0.0001 by oneâway ANOVA.
Figure 3. (A) Effect of CUL3 on the biotinylated ROMKâEGFP levels in the Mâ1 CCD cell line. Total protein lysates were blotted from Mâ1 CCD cells transfected with ROMKâEGFP alone or ROMKâEGFP with constructs indicated. AntiâKCNJ1 antibody detected a band at around 75 KDa for ROMKâEGFP. This is representative Western blots replicated 3 times with cell lysates from three different passage numbers. (B) Quantification of Western blots showing ROMK levels in biotinylated cell lysates. Error bars represent mean ± sem of Western blots (n = 3). *P < 0.05.
Figure 4. (A) Effect of CUL3 on the biotinylated ROMKâEGFP levels in the presence of WNK4 in a mouse cortical collecting duct cell line (M1 CCD). (A) Total protein lysates were blotted from Mâ1 cells transfected with ROMKâEGFP alone or ROMKâEGFP with the constructs indicated. The last combination was also treated with 3.5 μmol/L MLN4924. AntiâKCNJ1 antibody detected a band at around 75 KDa for ROMKâEGFP. This is representative of Western blots replicated with three different passage numbers. (B) Quantification of Western blot showing ROMK levels in biotinylated cell lysates. Error bars represent mean ± sem of three Western blots. *P < 0.05 by oneâway ANOVA.
Figure 5. Immunostaining of ROMK (green) and AQP2 (red) in the cortex and apical immunostaining of ROMK (green) and total NKCC2 (red) in the medulla of CUL3Î403â459/+ kidney versus littermate controls CUL3+/+. These are representative pseudocolored average intensity zâprojections of immunofluorescentâstained kidney sections (4 per genotype) and four independent immunostaining experiments, showing the distribution of total protein. Colocalization is in orange. Scale bar = 30 μm.
Figure 6.
ROMK levels in the CUL3Î403â459/+ versus CUL3+/+ mouse kidney. Total protein from whole mouse kidney lysates immunoblotted with antiâKCNJ1 antibody detected a band at ~47 KDa in both the mouse and human kidney lysates (as positive control). β actin was the loading control. The individual densitometry of each lane is shown (the bar is the average).
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