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The insulinoma-associated 1 (insm1) gene is involved in the differentiation of several neuronal and endoderm derived cell types. insm1 is expressed in the retina and brain of several vertebrates including Xenopus laevis. We report the detailed expression pattern of insm1 in the X. laevis tadpoleretina and brain. X. laevis insm1 is expressed in most of the ciliary marginal zone of the mature retina and the optic tectum, dorsal pallium, hypothalamus and preoptic areas of the developing tadpolebrain. Overall, insm1 is expressed in regions of the tadpolebrain and retina harboring populations of progenitor cells.
Fig. 1. insm1 is expressed in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). A. Schematic representation of the mature Xenopus tadpoleretina. B – J. In situ hybridization performed using sectioned Xenopus laevis embryos. insm1 is expressed in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and undifferentiated neuroepithelium at stage 38. At stages 41 (C, H) and stage 45 (D), insm1 expression was detected in RPCs located in zones 2 and 3 of the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) but not in the retinal stem cells of zone 1. Compare the expression of insm1 at stage 41 (C, H) to expression of notch1, a zone 2 marker, at stage 41 (F, I). Both are absent in the most distal zone 1 of the CMZ. Also compare the proximal expression of insm1 (C, H) to zone 3 and 4 marker, neuroD at stage 41 (G, J). The CMZ is indicated by black brackets. Scale bars (1 μM) for (B – G) and (H – J) are indicated in (A) and (F), respectively. Abbreviations: GL – ganglion cell layer, INL – inner nuclear layer, PL – photoreceptor layer.
Fig. 2. insm1 expression in the developing brain. A – C. Diagrammatic representation of selected brain regions as viewed in dorsally (A), ventrally (B) or laterally (C). D – L. Whole mount in situ hybridizations of stage 45 dissected brains using probes for insm1 (D – F), foxn4 (G – I), or lhx5 (J – L). insm1 is expressed in the dorsal pallium, optic tectum and rhombomeres as viewed dorsally (D). insm1 expression was also detected ventrally (E) and laterally (F) in the hypothalamus, preoptic area and isthmus. Scale bars (1 μM) are indicated in (D) for (D – F), (G) for (G – I) and (J) for (J – L). Abbreviations: DP – dorsal pallium, H – hypothalamus, IS – isthmus, OB – olfactory bulb, OT – optic tectum, PO – preoptic area, RF – reticular formation, R – rhombomeres.
insm1 (insulinoma associated 1) gene expression in Xenopus laevis brain (isolated), assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 45, lateral view, anteriorright, dorsal up.
Key: H = hypothalamus, OT = optic tectum, PO =preoptic area.
insm1 (insulinoma associated 1) gene expression in sections of Xenopus laevis eye, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 45.
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