Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Rouxs Arch Dev Biol
1989 Oct 01;1983:148. doi: 10.1007/BF02438940.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Expression of circular and linearized bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes with or without viral promoters after injection into fertilized eggs, unfertilized eggs and oocytes ofXenopus laevis.
Fu Y
,
Hosokawa K
,
Shiokawa K
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Circular and linearized plasmids containing bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) genes connected or not connected to viral promoters were injected into fertilized eggs, unfertilized eggs and oocyte nuclei ofXenopus laevis, and CAT enzyme expression was studied under different conditions. Circular DNAs injected into fertilized eggs did not change their molecular form greatly, but CAT enzyme activity was expressed by the blastula or gastrula stage depending on the strength of the enhancer contained within the promoter. Linearized plasmid DNAs injected into fertilized eggs were concatemerized and replicated extensively by the blastula stage, and were expressed also actively irrespective of whether DNAs contained the promoter or not. The CAT enzyme activity was roughly comparable to the level of CAT mRNA in injected embryos. Similar results were obtained for both circular and linearized DNAs in unfertilized eggs, although the level of CAT enzyme expressed here was quite low. In oocyte nuclei, by contrast, only circular DNAs were expressed, and the expression was independent of whether or not the DNAs contained the promoter. The large concatemers formed in embryos comigrated with host DNA, but the majority of them disappeared later, at the tadpole stage, suggesting the extrachromosomal nature of these DNAs. The pronounced decrease in the amount of comigrating DNAs was accompanied by the disappearance of both CAT mRNA and enzyme activity. Therefore, we conclude that active CAT enzyme expression induced by injection of linearized DNAs in embryos and early stage larvae is due mainly to transcription from the transiently existing extra-chromosomal concatermers rather than from long-lasting, probably genome-integrated DNAs.
Andoh,
Characterization of a mammalian mutant with a camptothecin-resistant DNA topoisomerase I.
1987, Pubmed
Andoh,
Characterization of a mammalian mutant with a camptothecin-resistant DNA topoisomerase I.
1987,
Pubmed
Andres,
Persistence, methylation and expression of vitellogenin gene derivatives after injection into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Araki,
pSV00CAT: low background CAT plasmid.
1988,
Pubmed
Bendig,
Replication and expression of Xenopus laevis globin genes injected into fertilized Xenopus eggs.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bendig,
Persistence and expression of histone genes injected into Xenopus eggs in early development.
1981,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bendig,
Differential expression of the Xenopus laevis tadpole and adult beta-globin genes when injected into fertilized Xenopus laevis eggs.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Berg,
Microinjected Tetrahymena rDNA ends are not recognized as telomeres in Xenopus eggs.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Busby,
Spacer sequences regulate transcription of ribosomal gene plasmids injected into Xenopus embryos.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dumont,
Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). I. Stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Etkin,
Transformed Xenopus embryos as a transient expression system to analyze gene expression at the midblastula transition.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Etkin,
Distribution, expression and germ line transmission of exogenous DNA sequences following microinjection into Xenopus laevis eggs.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Etkin,
Replication of injected DNA templates in Xenopus embryos.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Etkin,
Replication, integration and expression of exogenous DNA injected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gorman,
Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells.
1982,
Pubmed
Gurdon,
Gene transfer in amphibian eggs and oocytes.
1981,
Pubmed
Harland,
Regulated replication of DNA microinjected into eggs of Xenopus laevis.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harland,
Transcription of DNA injected into Xenopus oocytes is influenced by template topology.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hines,
Initiation of replication at specific origins in DNA molecules microinjected into unfertilized eggs of the frog Xenopus laevis.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jones,
Association of viral and plasmid DNA with the nuclear matrix during productive infection.
1987,
Pubmed
Krieg,
An enhancer responsible for activating transcription at the midblastula transition in Xenopus development.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Krieg,
Developmental regulation of a gastrula-specific gene injected into fertilized Xenopus eggs.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kruczek,
Expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in mammalian cells under the control of adenovirus type 12 promoters: effect of promoter methylation on gene expression.
1983,
Pubmed
Laimins,
Characterization of enhancer elements in the long terminal repeat of Moloney murine sarcoma virus.
1984,
Pubmed
Langner,
Trans effect of the E1 region of adenoviruses on the expression of a prokaryotic gene in mammalian cells: resistance to 5' -CCGG- 3' methylation.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Marini,
Persistence and replication of plasmid DNA microinjected into early embryos of Xenopus laevis.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Melton,
Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter.
1984,
Pubmed
Mohun,
Upstream sequences required for tissue-specific activation of the cardiac actin gene in Xenopus laevis embryos.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Probst,
Expression of sea urchin histone genes in the oocyte of Xenopus laevis.
1979,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Roeder,
Multiple forms of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase in Xenopus laevis. Levels of activity during oocyte and embryonic development.
1974,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rosenthal,
BK viral enhancer element and a human cellular homolog.
1983,
Pubmed
Rusconi,
Transformation of frog embryos with a rabbit beta-globin gene.
1981,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shiokawa,
Persistence and expression of circular DNAs encoding Drosophila amylase, bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and others in Xenopus laevis embryos.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shiokawa,
Pattern of RNA synthesis in isolated cells of Xenopus laevis embryos.
1967,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shiokawa,
Electron microscopic studies of giant nucleus-like structure formed by lambda DNA introduced into the cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis fertilized eggs and embryos.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shiokawa,
Effects of the injection of exogenous DNAs on gene expression in early embryos and coenocytic egg cells ofXenopus laevis.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shiokawa,
Formation of nucleus-like structure in the cytoplasm of lambda-DNA-injected fertilized eggs and its partition into blastomeres during early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Steinbeisser,
Different regulatory elements are required for cell-type and stage specific expression of the Xenopus laevis skeletal muscle actin gene upon injection in X.laevis oocytes and embryos.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tashiro,
Preservation of Xenopus laevis rDNA-containing plasmid, pXlr101A, injected into the fertilized egg of Xenopus laevis.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tashiro,
Structural analysis of ribosomal DNA homologues in nucleolus-less mutant of Xenopus laevis.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wickens,
Expression of a chicken chromosomal ovalbumin gene injected into frog oocyte nuclei.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wilson,
Tissue-specific expression of actin genes injected into Xenopus embryos.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase