Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved form of programmed cell death critical for development and tissue homeostasis in animals. The apoptotic control network includes several positive feedback loops that may allow apoptosis to spread through the cytoplasm in self-regenerating trigger waves. We tested this possibility in cell-free Xenopus laevis egg extracts and observed apoptotic trigger waves with speeds of ~30 micrometers per minute. Fractionation and inhibitor studies implicated multiple feedback loops in generating the waves. Apoptotic oocytes and eggs exhibited surface waves with speeds of ~30 micrometers per minute, which were tightly correlated with caspase activation. Thus, apoptosis spreads through trigger waves in both extracts and intact cells. Our findings show how apoptosis can spread over large distances within a cell and emphasize the general importance of trigger waves in cell signaling.
Albeck,
Modeling a snap-action, variable-delay switch controlling extrinsic cell death.
2008,
Pubmed
Bhola,
Spatial and temporal dynamics of mitochondrial membrane permeability waves during apoptosis.
2009,
Pubmed
Chang,
Mitotic trigger waves and the spatial coordination of the Xenopus cell cycle.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chang,
Robustly Cycling Xenopus laevis Cell-Free Extracts in Teflon Chambers.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cheng,
Conversion of Bcl-2 to a Bax-like death effector by caspases.
1997,
Pubmed
Deming,
Study of apoptosis in vitro using the Xenopus egg extract reconstitution system.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ferrando-May,
Nucleocytoplasmic transport in apoptosis.
2005,
Pubmed
Garcia-Perez,
Bid-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization waves propagated by local reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling.
2012,
Pubmed
Gelens,
Spatial trigger waves: positive feedback gets you a long way.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Goldstein,
The coordinate release of cytochrome c during apoptosis is rapid, complete and kinetically invariant.
2000,
Pubmed
Iguchi,
Unlaid Xenopus eggs degrade by apoptosis in the genital tract.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lartigue,
An intracellular wave of cytochrome c propagates and precedes Bax redistribution during apoptosis.
2008,
Pubmed
Legewie,
Mathematical modeling identifies inhibitors of apoptosis as mediators of positive feedback and bistability.
2006,
Pubmed
Liu,
Fluorescent molecular probes V: a sensitive caspase-3 substrate for fluorometric assays.
1999,
Pubmed
Longtine,
Live-cell imaging shows apoptosis initiates locally and propagates as a wave throughout syncytiotrophoblasts in primary cultures of human placental villous trophoblasts.
2012,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Newmeyer,
Cell-free apoptosis in Xenopus egg extracts: inhibition by Bcl-2 and requirement for an organelle fraction enriched in mitochondria.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pacher,
Propagation of the apoptotic signal by mitochondrial waves.
2001,
Pubmed
Rehm,
Dynamics of outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization during apoptosis.
2009,
Pubmed
Rehm,
Real-time single cell analysis of Smac/DIABLO release during apoptosis.
2003,
Pubmed
Slee,
Cleavage of BID during cytotoxic drug and UV radiation-induced apoptosis occurs downstream of the point of Bcl-2 action and is catalysed by caspase-3: a potential feedback loop for amplification of apoptosis-associated mitochondrial cytochrome c release.
2000,
Pubmed
Tait,
Mitochondria and cell death: outer membrane permeabilization and beyond.
2010,
Pubmed
Waterhouse,
Cytochrome c maintains mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP generation after outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization during the apoptotic process.
2001,
Pubmed
Wühr,
Deep proteomics of the Xenopus laevis egg using an mRNA-derived reference database.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zhang,
Computational analysis of dynamical responses to the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death.
2009,
Pubmed
Zou,
An APAF-1.cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9.
1999,
Pubmed
