Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1998 May 26;9511:6157-62. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.11.6157.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Efficient construction of a large nonimmune phage antibody library: the production of high-affinity human single-chain antibodies to protein antigens.
Sheets MD
,
Amersdorfer P
,
Finnern R
,
Sargent P
,
Lindquist E
,
Schier R
,
Hemingsen G
,
Wong C
,
Gerhart JC
,
Marks JD
,
Lindqvist E
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
A large library of phage-displayed human single-chain Fv antibodies (scFv), containing 6.7 x 10(9) members, was generated by improving the steps of library construction. Fourteen different protein antigens were used to affinity select antibodies from this library. A panel of specific antibodies was isolated with each antigen, and each panel contained an average of 8.7 different scFv. Measurements of antibody-antigen interactions revealed several affinities below 1 nM, comparable to affinities observed during the secondary murine immune response. In particular, four different scFv recognizing the ErbB2 protein had affinities ranging from 220 pM to 4 nM. Antibodies derived from the library proved to be useful reagents for immunoassays. For example, antibodies generated to the Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies stained Chlamydia-infected cells, but not uninfected cells. These results demonstrate that phage antibody libraries are ideally suited for the rapid production of panels of high-affinity mAbs to a wide variety of protein antigens. Such libraries should prove especially useful for generating reagents to study the function of gene products identified by genome projects.
Figure 1
Schematic outline of the approach used for library construction. A library of VH and genes was generated from rearranged human V-genes and cloned into the plasmid pCITE3A. The VL genes used for scFv assembly were derived from a previously constructed scFv library contained in the plasmid pHEN1 (12). The vector containing the VL repertoire also contained the scFv linker DNA 5â² to the VL genes. Primers for reamplification of the V-gene repertoires were derived from sequences several hundred bp 5â² (the VH genes) or 3â² (the VL genes) of the scFv gene cloning sites. This approach facilitated the efficiency of PCR assembling a new scFv repertoire and increasing the efficiency of cutting assembled scFv genes with restriction enzymes. (A) VH and linker-VL gene repertoires were generated by PCR from the plasmid DNA of the separate libraries. The VH genes were amplified by using a plasmid specific primerâ and an equimolar mixture of HuJH primersââ. The linker DNA and VL genes were amplified by using a plasmid specific primer âand an equimolar mixture of RHuJH primersâââ. The RHuJH primers are complementary to the HuJH primers. (B) The VH and linker DNA-VL gene repertoires were PCR assembled into a scFv gene repertoire. (C) The assembled scFv gene repertoire was cut with the restriction enzymes NcoI and NotI and cloned into the plasmid pHEN1 (17) for phage display.
Figure 2
V-gene usage and VH CDR3 length of unselected and antigen-specific scFv. The VH and VL genes were sequenced and the germ-line gene was assigned based on homology to a database (VBASE) of germ-line V-genes compiled by Tomlinson et al. (25). Specific VH, Vκ, and Vλ genes are listed on the ordinate, with the VH, Vκ, or Vλ germ-line gene family indicated below. Only V-genes in unselected or selected clones are listed.
Figure 3
Specificity of anti-Botulinum neurotoxin scFv. Representative scFv (2H6, 3D1, 3B12, and 3C8) isolated respectively from selections on BoNT serotypes A, B, C, and E were studied. Specificity was determined by ELISA.
Figure 4
Staining of HeLa cells infected with C. trachomatis with the scFv 2A10. The scFv specifically stains C. trachomatis elementary bodies (c) within infected HeLa cells but does not stain uninfected cells. n = nucleus.
Abergel,
A strong propensity toward loop formation characterizes the expressed reading frames of the D segments at the Ig H and T cell receptor loci.
1991, Pubmed
Abergel,
A strong propensity toward loop formation characterizes the expressed reading frames of the D segments at the Ig H and T cell receptor loci.
1991,
Pubmed
Biocca,
Intracellular immunization with cytosolic recombinant antibodies.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Clackson,
Making antibody fragments using phage display libraries.
1991,
Pubmed
Cox,
A directory of human germ-line V kappa segments reveals a strong bias in their usage.
1994,
Pubmed
Davidkova,
Selective usage of VH genes in adult human B lymphocyte repertoires.
1997,
Pubmed
de Kruif,
Selection and application of human single chain Fv antibody fragments from a semi-synthetic phage antibody display library with designed CDR3 regions.
1995,
Pubmed
Evan,
Isolation of monoclonal antibodies specific for human c-myc proto-oncogene product.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Foote,
Kinetic maturation of an immune response.
1991,
Pubmed
Griffiths,
Isolation of high affinity human antibodies directly from large synthetic repertoires.
1994,
Pubmed
Griffiths,
Human anti-self antibodies with high specificity from phage display libraries.
1993,
Pubmed
Güssow,
Direct clone characterization from plaques and colonies by the polymerase chain reaction.
1989,
Pubmed
Hawkins,
Selection of phage antibodies by binding affinity. Mimicking affinity maturation.
1992,
Pubmed
Hoogenboom,
Multi-subunit proteins on the surface of filamentous phage: methodologies for displaying antibody (Fab) heavy and light chains.
1991,
Pubmed
Huston,
Protein engineering of antibody binding sites: recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain Fv analogue produced in Escherichia coli.
1988,
Pubmed
Johnsson,
Immobilization of proteins to a carboxymethyldextran-modified gold surface for biospecific interaction analysis in surface plasmon resonance sensors.
1991,
Pubmed
Koehler,
Chlamydia trachomatis RNA polymerase major sigma subunit. Sequence and structural comparison of conserved and unique regions with Escherichia coli sigma 70 and Bacillus subtilis sigma 43.
1990,
Pubmed
Lander,
The new genomics: global views of biology.
1996,
Pubmed
Maéno,
A truncated bone morphogenetic protein 4 receptor alters the fate of ventral mesoderm to dorsal mesoderm: roles of animal pole tissue in the development of ventral mesoderm.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Marasco,
Design, intracellular expression, and activity of a human anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 single-chain antibody.
1993,
Pubmed
Marasco,
Intrabodies: turning the humoral immune system outside in for intracellular immunization.
1997,
Pubmed
Marks,
Phage libraries--a new route to clinically useful antibodies.
1996,
Pubmed
Marks,
Molecular evolution of proteins on filamentous phage. Mimicking the strategy of the immune system.
1992,
Pubmed
Marks,
By-passing immunization. Human antibodies from V-gene libraries displayed on phage.
1991,
Pubmed
Marks,
Human antibody fragments specific for human blood group antigens from a phage display library.
1993,
Pubmed
Marks,
Oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction amplification of human immunoglobulin variable genes and design of family-specific oligonucleotide probes.
1991,
Pubmed
McCafferty,
Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains.
1990,
Pubmed
McCartney,
Engineering disulfide-linked single-chain Fv dimers [(sFv')2] with improved solution and targeting properties: anti-digoxin 26-10 (sFv')2 and anti-c-erbB-2 741F8 (sFv')2 made by protein folding and bonded through C-terminal cysteinyl peptides.
1995,
Pubmed
Musci,
Regulation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor in early Xenopus embryos.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nishimatsu,
A carboxyl-terminal truncated version of the activin receptor mediates activin signals in early Xenopus embryos.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nissim,
Antibody fragments from a 'single pot' phage display library as immunochemical reagents.
1994,
Pubmed
Parmley,
Antibody-selectable filamentous fd phage vectors: affinity purification of target genes.
1988,
Pubmed
Pastan,
Recombinant immunotoxins.
1996,
Pubmed
Schier,
Isolation of high-affinity monomeric human anti-c-erbB-2 single chain Fv using affinity-driven selection.
1996,
Pubmed
Schier,
In vitro and in vivo characterization of a human anti-c-erbB-2 single-chain Fv isolated from a filamentous phage antibody library.
1995,
Pubmed
Suzuki,
A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Xenopus embryo.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tomlinson,
The repertoire of human germline VH sequences reveals about fifty groups of VH segments with different hypervariable loops.
1992,
Pubmed
Vaughan,
Human antibodies with sub-nanomolar affinities isolated from a large non-immunized phage display library.
1996,
Pubmed
Williams,
Sequence and evolution of the human germline V lambda repertoire.
1996,
Pubmed
Winter,
Making antibodies by phage display technology.
1994,
Pubmed
Wu,
Length distribution of CDRH3 in antibodies.
1993,
Pubmed
Zhang,
Mechanism of C. trachomatis attachment to eukaryotic host cells.
1992,
Pubmed