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XB-ART-56786
Nature 2020 Mar 01;5797800:603-608. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2059-5.
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Alcohol-derived DNA crosslinks are repaired by two distinct mechanisms.

Hodskinson MR , Bolner A , Sato K , Kamimae-Lanning AN , Rooijers K , Witte M , Mahesh M , Silhan J , Petek M , Williams DM , Kind J , Chin JW , Patel KJ , Knipscheer P .


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Acetaldehyde is a highly reactive, DNA-damaging metabolite that is produced upon alcohol consumption1. Impaired detoxification of acetaldehyde is common in the Asian population, and is associated with alcohol-related cancers1,2. Cells are protected against acetaldehyde-induced damage by DNA crosslink repair, which when impaired causes Fanconi anaemia (FA), a disease resulting in failure to produce blood cells and a predisposition to cancer3,4. The combined inactivation of acetaldehyde detoxification and the FA pathway induces mutation, accelerates malignancies and causes the rapid attrition of blood stem cells5-7. However, the nature of the DNA damage induced by acetaldehyde and how this is repaired remains a key question. Here we generate acetaldehyde-induced DNA interstrand crosslinks and determine their repair mechanism in Xenopus egg extracts. We find that two replication-coupled pathways repair these lesions. The first is the FA pathway, which operates using excision-analogous to the mechanism used to repair the interstrand crosslinks caused by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. However, the repair of acetaldehyde-induced crosslinks results in increased mutation frequency and an altered mutational spectrum compared with the repair of cisplatin-induced crosslinks. The second repair mechanism requires replication fork convergence, but does not involve DNA incisions-instead the acetaldehyde crosslink itself is broken. The Y-family DNA polymerase REV1 completes repair of the crosslink, culminating in a distinct mutational spectrum. These results define the repair pathways of DNA interstrand crosslinks caused by an endogenous and alcohol-derived metabolite, and identify an excision-independent mechanism.

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Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: rev1
GO keywords: DNA repair [+]

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References [+] :
Amunugama, Replication Fork Reversal during DNA Interstrand Crosslink Repair Requires CMG Unloading. 2018, Pubmed, Xenbase