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Bves was discovered through subtractive screens designed to identify heart-enriched transcripts. Bves is a transmembrane protein that possesses a highly conserved structure among species of the animal kingdom. Various approaches have been used to elucidate the expression pattern of Bves mRNA and protein as well as its function in developing and mature organisms. Emerging evidence indicates that this protein is present in muscle and epithelia of developing embryos and the adult. In vitro functional studies predict a role in cell-cell interaction and/or adhesion. In vivo analysis of protein function is very limited at present, but recent work in Xenopus supports the importance of Bves in epithelial integrity. Presented in this review is a compilation of published findings concerning Bves gene and protein characteristics, expression patterns in embryos and cells, and functional significance as determined thus far. Presently, the literature supports a hypothesis that Bves is essential to the junctional architecture of muscle and epithelial cell types. Although there remain aspects of Bves structure, expression, and function that are not completely resolved, now is an appropriate time to summarize current knowledge about this protein, the remaining questions, and what its potential role in development might be. This review will serve as a departure point for others who become interested in the study of this highly conserved protein.
Fig. 2. Bves expression in muscle and epithelia. A: B846 polyclonal immunoreagent detects Bves (red) in the epithelial epicardium (epic), delaminated
migratory cells (arrows), and myocardium (myo) in a section through a developing chick heart. Smooth muscle actin (green) labels forming coronary
vessels (cv) in the subepicardial space. B: Five-day frog embryo labeled with -XBves (green). Positive cells are found in the epidermis (ep), the
developing heart (h), and the velar plate (arrows). C: Bves is distributed at the cell circumference in cultured human corneal epithelial cells, as labeled
by B846 polyclonal antisera. D: Bves is detected by -Bves B846 (red) in the serosa (ser), the smooth muscle (sm), and the gastric epithelium (arrows)
of the adult mouse intestine. The 4 ,6-diamidine-2-phenylidole-dihydrochloride (DAPI) labels the cell nuclei (blue). E: -XBves detects epithelium
(arrows) and the smooth muscle (sm) cells of the adult Xenopus gut (green). F: Xenopus Bves is recognized by -XBves in the epithelial layers of the
adult frog eye, including the cornea (cor) and retina (ret).
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