Larger Image Fig. 5. Spatial expression pattern of the four representative Gα subunits during early Xenopus tropicalis development. The tissue specific expression patterns of Gα subunit transcripts at different stages of X. tropicalis embryonic development were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Probes are indicated to the left of each panel row, and the developmental stages are indicated at the top of each panel column. Animal views are shown for embryos at stage 9; vegetal views for embryos at stage 10, and lateral views for embryos at stages 18–19, 23–24. Vegetal views are shown in the inset of stage 9, and dorsal views are shown in the inset of stage 18–19. White arrows in the stage 10 panels indicate the dorsal marginal zone (dmz). White arrowheads in the stage 23–24 panels indicate the three cranial neural crest routes (ncr) (branchial, hyoidea, and mandibular). Black arrows indicate specific structures labeled as follows: nt, neural tube; p, placodes; and psm, presomitic mesoderm. The embryo images are representative of three independent in situ experiments analyzing 30–50 embryos each time. Image published in: Fuentealba J et al. (2016) Copyright © 2016. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue gnas g alpha s, galphas, gas X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 18 to NF stage 19 neural plate dorsal gna13 G alpha 13 X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 18 to NF stage 19 neural plate gnaq G alpha q, g-alpha-q, gaq, gnaq-a, gnaq-b, G(q) X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 18 to NF stage 19 neural plate gnai2 G alpha i, Gi2, gip, gnai2b, LOC108714595 X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 18 to NF stage 19 neural plate gnas g alpha s, galphas, gas X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 23 to NF stage 24 cranial neural crest neural tube gna13 G alpha 13 X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 23 to NF stage 24 presomitic mesoderm cranial neural crest gnai2 G alpha i, Gi2, gip, gnai2b, LOC108714595 X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 23 to NF stage 24 presomitic mesoderm neural tube gnaq G alpha q, g-alpha-q, gaq, gnaq-a, gnaq-b, G(q) X. tropicalis Throughout NF stage 23 to NF stage 24 presomitic mesoderm cranial neural crest neural tube gnas g alpha s, galphas, gas X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 9 to NF stage 10 animal hemisphere dorsal marginal zone gna13 G alpha 13 X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 9 to NF stage 10 dorsal marginal zone animal hemisphere gnaq G alpha q, g-alpha-q, gaq, gnaq-a, gnaq-b, G(q) X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 9 to NF stage 10 dorsal marginal zone animal hemisphere gnai2 G alpha i, Gi2, gip, gnai2b, LOC108714595 X. tropicalis Sometime during NF stage 9 to NF stage 10 dorsal marginal zone animal hemisphere Image source: Published Permanent Image Page Printer Friendly View XB-IMG-153542